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Inventor's Manual 



Inventor's Manual 

How to Work a Patent to Make it Pay 



A GUIDE FOR INVENTORS, 

IN PERFECTING THEIR INVENTIONS, TAKING OUT 

THEIR PATENTS, AND DISPOSING OF THEM, 

AND 

CAUTIONS AS TO PITFALLS 

FOR THE UNWARY 

BY 

GEORGE M. HOPKINS 

•I 

EXPERIENCED INVENTOR 

REVISED BY 

A. A. HOPKINS 

MEMBER OF 
THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 




SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED 

Including the New 1900 Census of the United States 
By Counties containing a Population of over ten thousand 



New York 

The Norman W. Henley Publishing Company 

2 West 45th Street 

1918 






Copyright, 


1918, 


by 


The Norman W. Henley Publishing Company 


Copyright, 


1901, 


by 


Norman W. Henley & Company 


Copyright, 


1889 


by 


J. F. Davison & Company 



\ Printed in the U. S. A. 



DEC 21 !9i8 



>GI.A511013 






CONTENTS 



PAGE 

The Faculty of Inventing . . . . i 

Inventor and Invention .... 3 

Patent Advertising . .> .. . . . 10 

As to the Patent . ...... 14 

Making and Prosecuting Your Own 

Application 16 

Incompetent and Bungling Attorneys i 8 

A Limited Patent 18 

A Word About Coupon Attorneys, or 
Those of the "No Patent, No Pay" 

Variety 19 

Applicants 25 

Record of Invention 27 

The Development of the Invention . 29 

Assignments 34-41 

Reversion of a Patent 41 

Fraud in the Sale of a Patent ... 42 

The Exhibit of the Invention ... 42 

Inventions of Women 44 

Design Patents 45 

Patents as the Basis of Business . . 47 

Profits From Inventions .... 48 

How Patents Promote Trade ... 50 

Money in Inventions 51 

Prints and Labels 52 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Patent Tricks — Old and New . . . 53 

Joint Ownership 60 

Partly Expired Patents 60 

Foreign Patents 61 

Value of Newspaper Notoriety . . 62 

Territorial Grants ...... 65 

The Value of Patents 68 

Invention as an Art 70 

The Inventor and the Promoter . . 75 
Occupations, Census, 19 10 . . . 79-100 

Population of Cities, 100,000 or More 105 
Population of Cities Between 25,000 



and 100,000 . 
Census by States . 
Mechanical Patents 
Design Patents . 
Index 



. 105 
106-133 

• i37 
140 

• 143 



PREFACE 

THE object of the present work is to give 
the inventor and patentee some hints on 
patents generally, together with approved 
methods of bringing them to public notice. 
The original author was Mr. George M. Hop- 
kins, who was not only a scientist, but a 
patent attorney of no mean ability. He was 
always quick to come to the defense of the 
inventor and he knew every pitfall for the 
unwary. Such portions of Mr. Hopkins' 
book as required no change have been left 
intact, but naturally there is progress in 
patents as in all things, so that the death of 
Mr. Hopkins in time made it imperative to 
have an entirely new text with the exceptions 
noted above. In order to insure the sound- 
ness of the arguments the proof sheets have 
been submitted to the oldest firm of practis- 
ing attorneys, Messrs. Munn & Co., of New 
York and Washington, and the reviser is 
indebted to them for much kindly criticism. 
There is no royal road to success with a 
patent, so no general directions can be given 
which will be applicable in all cases. Com- 

v 



vi Preface 

mon sense is easily the controlling factor. 
The original author of this book took out a 
large number of patents in his lifetime, par- 
ticularly in the fields of telephony and in- 
ternal-combustion engines, and he justly 
points out that some of them proved very 
lucrative while others paid nothing. His 
concrete thought relative to the non-success 
of the sale of a patent is this: Either the 
invention proved to be something which did 
not supply a real want, or else it was one of 
those slight improvements upon an existing 
invention which necessitated narrow claims 
which made the pateht of little value. An- 
other point which the author makes is a good 
one, that there are always thoughtful people 
attacking the same problem, so that alertness 
is required in securing something which is 
really new and which should be protected at 
once. Inventors should not take too much 
for granted. A simple disclosure to a really 
reputable patent attorney will often result 
in the inventor being told in a very few lines 
that he has been anticipated, and this results 
in the saving of money, patience, and in 
many eases real inventive ability which 
might be used to advantage in another field. 
It is always wise to find out what others 
have done, so that so-called " Preliminary 
Examinations" are very desirable when. 



Preface vii 

there is any doubt in the mind of the in- 
ventor or his attorney. It is better to send 
a dollar by registered mail and have it arrive 
even though it costs ten cents to insure its 
safety. The author found that this precau- 
tion saved him much time, money and in- 
ventive energy, 

Honesty is a great element of success in 
invention. The inventor must be first of all 
honest with himself , second with his attorney 
and last of all with those with whom he at- 
tempts to do business. 

The original Preface ends as follows: 
"The reader will naturally inquire why the 
author does not disclose his identity. The 
principal reason is, that if he were to do so, 
he would be overwhelmed with applications 
for further advice, and for assistance in 
selling patents. He has not a moment to 
devote to these matters. He is in sympathy, 
however, with every honest, hard-working 
inventor, and wishes him well." Time, that 
inexorable smoother out of all things, has 
removed the difficulty, or rather the neces- 
sity, of an anonymous book, and now we 
may look with even more confidence at the 
"Inventor's Manual," as the author's name 
is disclosed. 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



THE FACULTY OF INVENTING 

*TpHIS faculty as popularly understood is 
■*■ possessed to a greater or less degree by 
every one, and is constantly active in the daily 
routine of life. Inventing, as the dictionary 
has it, is "contriving that which did not before 
exist, " but it cannot be claimed that man has 
creative power, nor can he do otherwise than 
make use of what already exists in the great 
storehouse of nature. The fundamental prin- 
ciples and the materials in which to embody 
these principles are all there, and available to 
•one possessing sufficient acumen to see them. 

The obtuseness and blindness of men are 
never more fully realized than when some in- 
ventor with more penetration than his fellows 
sees an opportunity for invention, invents, and 
acquires wealth by bringing into existence some 
simple contrivance that is immediately adopted 
and asserts itself as a necessity, when every- 
body says, "Why didn't some one think of 
that before!" 



2 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

It all seems easy enough and natural enough 
after it is done, and it is a wonder why it was 
not done before. The trouble is just here — in- 
ventors, and many who might be inventors, do 
not school themselves to systematic observation. 
They should have eyes in all directions; they 
should let no observed phenomena go uninvesti- 
gated; they should revolve every subject so as 
to see its bearings on everything relating to it. 
No machine, no process, no tool, coming under 
the observation of the inventor should be al- 
lowed to pass without raising such questions as 
these : Can this device be made to yield better 
results than it does now? Can it be made to do 
its work quicker and cheaper than it does now? 
Can its construction be simplified or cheapened? 
Can power be economized? Can something else 
simpler and cheaper be devised for the same 
purpose? A real inventor never tires, and he 
not only scrutinizes the inventions of others, 
but treats his own in like manner, His object 
is to improve wherever an opportunity presents 
itself, and to secure to himself the benefits of 
such improvements. 

It is a curious fact that although nature has 
always shown that molecules of water fly from 
each other with great force when subjected to 
heat, this force was not fully utilized until the 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 3 

days of Watt. Nearly all of the great inven- 
tions of modern times have substantially the 
same history as that of the steam engine. The 
principles and the materials existed, but cen- 
turies were required to develop the inventions. 
A future of vast possibilities lies before the 
inventor of to-day, and with energy, persever- 
ance, and a cultivated faculty of inventing, 
great prizes are within his -reach. He must 
avoid ruts and well-beaten paths and strike out 
in a new direction. It is one thing to say this, 
but quite another thing to do it. It is being 
done, however, and almost every day we hear 
of some inventor who has acquired wealth, and, 
in some cases, honor also, in a very brief time. 

INVENTOR AND INVENTION 

It seems superfluous to say that a patent 
apart from an invention is of no value, but 
many inventors have the impression that if an 
invention possesses patentability, it must also 
necessarily have pecuniary value. This is 
probably the greatest mistake made by the ma- 
jority of inventors. To be of any value what- 
ever, the invention must cover something for 
which there is a demand, or for which a demand 
can be created. It may be an entirely new de- 



INVENTORS MANUAL 



vice, or it may be an improvement upon an ex- 
isting invention; in any event it must have a 
certain degree of utility. There are two gen- 
eral classes into which inventions may be di- 
vided; first, those having comparatively few ap- 
plications and requiring great capital for their 
promotion; such, for example, as the Bessemer 
Steel Process, the Westinghouse Air Brake, or 
the Electric Light ; and second, those which find 
use in every family and by almost every person, 
such as the shoe-lace hook, the various buttons 
and buckles, the rubber-tipped pencil, etc. Of 
these two classes the latter has proved to be by 
far the most popular and profitable. An inven- 
tor who can convince the people of the United 
States that he has an article that is worth more 
to them than the price asked for it, even if he 
should only make a profit of a mill upon each 
article, the invention would net him a large for- 
tune. 

The first thing to be done, therefore, is to in- 
vent something that the mass of people want. 
It is at this point that the inventor is apt to 
err. He is liable to think that because his in- 
vention seems to him practical and desirable, it 
will appear in the same light to others. Eight 
here the lines of the Scotch Bard seem especi- 
ally applicable : 






INVENTOR'S MANUAL 5 

"O, wad some pow'r the giftie gie us 
To see oursels as ithers see us 1 
It wad frae monie a blunder free us, 
And foolish notion." 

If an inventor is able to forget himself to such 
an extent as to look upon his invention with un- 
biased eyes, it may appear in a new light to him. 
First of all he must be honest with himself. 
Does his invention appear really valuable in his 
own estimation? If this question is settled in 
the affirmative, the next question will be, is he 
alone in the field of his particular invention, or 
has he a thousand competitors? An invention 
that is obvious to every one is of no particular 
value to any one. An invention of this class is 
only such in name, and may be regarded as a 
mere piece of good, judgment involving no in- 
vention whatever. 

The thing for the inventor to do is to make a 
new departure ; leave the old grooves and strike 
out for something new. But how is he to do 
this? Certainly not by following the sug- 
gestions of others, particularly those who fur- 
nish lists of "inventions wanted, " for the rea- 
son that when the fact is known that a certain 
invention is wanted, the most valuable point in 
the invention is gained. A suggestion upon 
which the inventor can base his invention is 
often worth thousands of dollars. It cannot, 



6 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

therefore, be supposed that any one will furnish 
such suggestions gratis^ or for a mere nominal 
sum. 

A certain class of people who think them- 
selves inventors say, "if some one would tell us 
what is needed we would invent it," forgetting 
that the principal secret of invention is to find 
out this very thing. The very word "inven- 
tion" means the calling into existence of some- 
thing not before known. This is referred to a 
little farther on under "Inventions Wanted.' ' 

Now, as to the method of invention, little can 
be said. The habit of observation is of the 
greatest importance to the inventor. By obser- 
vation he catches ideas which will lead to 
invention. By the exercise of this faculty the 
inventor sees wherein the existing methods and 
machines are defective, and thus discovers op- 
portunities for new methods and new machines. 

It is seldom that an inventor hits upon an en- 
tirely new idea; occasionally, however, he is 
able to do this. It is generally by continued in- 
vestigation and really hard work that an 
entirely new and valuable invention is made. 
The valuable inventions or discoveries made by 
accident are very few. The vulcanization of 
rubber, the art of lithography, and the principle 
of the turbine are said to have been discovered 
by accident, but these are rare examples. 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 7 

INVENTIONS WANTED 

The much abused question of inventions 
wanted was admirably treated a short time ago 
in the columns of the Scientific American, 
the staunchest friend the inventor has ever had : 

"Inventions wanted.' ' Yon see it often 
at the head of articles in newspapers, calling the 
attention of inventors to needed improvements. 
It also appears in the literature sent out by 
patent fakers and by some agents who are not 
fakers. Probably every inventor has scanned 
such lists in the hope that he might find there 
some idea of real value. Ideas there are in 
plenty, but they resemble the bunches of "out- 
law" horses which some unscrupulous dealers 
a few years ago were wont to gather on the 
prairies and ship east to be sold to unsuspecting' 
farmers. These collections of "long-felt 
wants ' ' represent what is left over after all the 
tractable, easy-to-handle ideas have been 
caught, harnessed, and put to work. 

In the majority of cases as much invention is 
displayed in discovering the need of a neAv de- 
vice or machine as in perfecting the mechanism 
by which the need is supplied. 

Take, for example, half a dozen American in- 
ventions in common use — the telegraph, tele- 
phone, typewriter, phonograph, sewing machine, 



8 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

and harvester. From the point of view of the 
inventor of mechanisms, the sewing machine 
and the self binder are perhaps as ingenious as 
any of them. What is remarkable about them 
as a group is not mechanical ingenuity ; it is the 
prophetic foresight of the inventors who saw, 
imperfectly, no doubt, but clearly enough to be 
inspired thereby, a vision of a world trans- 
formed. They saw the housewife relieved of 
endless drudgery; the farmer's capacity for 
production multiplied ; the slaves of the pen set 
free. 

But the chief difficulties they surmounted 
were not mechanical. They arose from the lack 
of proper means of perfecting their inventions 
and from the apathy and indifference of those 
whom the inventions were intended to benefit. 
Many a student has set before him more intri- 
cate problems than were there in their primary 
form. But a student knows his task is possible; 
the inventor believes his is also, but often he 
cannot get anyone else to think so. The ingen- 
uity displayed in perfecting these devices is less 
wonderful than the fact that the world was so 
long content to plod along without them. 

People did not know that they wanted these 
things. Some, who had little else to do, vaguely 
dreamt of them, perhaps, but the world at large 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 9 

was quite satisfied. Mankind wants everything 
in sight, but what is not in sight it assumes to 
be impossible of attainment. 

But the inventor knew that his devices were 
needed, and in his mind's eye he saw the oper- 
ation of the particular law or coincidence of 
several laws by which his dream was to be real- 
ized. Therein lay his genius. Were there no 
such thing as a telephone in existence, we could 
pick a hundred men perfectly competent to in- 
vent and perfect it, could we convince them of 
its possibility and importance. But most of us 
cannot pick the next man who is to pierce the 
future and banish some burden we now labor 
under because we can see no hope of relief and 
have no faith in such relief. 

As a general rule, inventors will find that the 
problems set for them in "Inventions Wanted" 
are not usually the most promising avenues to 
success. Having resisted the efforts of other 
minds, such problems are often destined to re- 
main unsolved until the discovery of a wholly 
new principle or some often apparently unre- 
lated fact opens the way to a solution. 

The inventor's best chance lies in filling un- 
felt needs, not in wrestling with "long-felt 
wants," 



PATENT ADVERTISING 

THE writer has given attention to Patent 
Advertising for the past twenty years and, 
therefore, can speak with some little assurance: 
[There is no ware sc liffieult to sell by adver- 
tising as professional services. Yon avoid the 
riris::;^ doctor as a charlatan or worse, the 
advertising lawyer is Ic :hed npon as a shyster, 
and the patent attorney who desires business to 
keep his professional staff employed us between 
:he devil and the deej: sea. A dignified proffer 
of services while, perhaps, of use in keeping the 
attorney in the eyes of the public, is of little 
benefit, unless new medinms are discovered 
which bring to the office virgin names; but as 
soon as such a medium is discovered others 
jump in. and in a few months we have several 
pages :: patent advertising, many with ex- 
travagant claims for excellence ;: service, which 
would go down at the firs: encounter. The best 
attorneys, while refusing to be forced from the 
field by unscrupulous : r 1 : astful att : rneys who 
make more than a good living by gulling the 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL n 

credulous, are forced to advertise sparingly in 
a few good mediums, always asking to have 
their announcement put far away from those of 
a lower plane. The ads. of the best attorneys 
are little more than professional cards, which 
do no more than to announce the quality of their 
service; the length of time they have been in 
business, and what they can do for nothing (pro- 
fessionally). They avoid, as far as possible, 
statements like those on the next pages. No 
names of attorneys are given and no specific 
criticism is made of any of them, but the reader 
can draw his own inference. 



As we go to press the Hon. J. T. Newton, 
Commissioner of Patents, has made an impor- 
tant ruling that each registered patent attorney 
shall submit for approval copies of all advertis- 
ing matter, circulars, letters, cards, etc., in- 
tended to solicit patent business. Any regis- 
tered attorney sending out or using matter not 
approved will be subject to suspension or dis- 
barment. This is under the provisions of sec- 
tion 483 of the revised statute and has the ap- 
proval of the Secretary of the Interior. This 
will go a long ways toward combating the evil 
which is referred to on this and succeeding 
pages. 



12 IK VEST OR 3 S MANUAL 

INVENTORS 

BADLY NEEDED NOW 

Big Demand for Almost Any Invention 

The "Man with an Idea" Is Important Personage 
Today. Must Solve Both War and Domestic Problems 

Very highest references. I help my clients sell 
their patents or dispose of their applications. 
Advice free. No obligation incurred by writing 
me. Free manufacturing facilities. No charge 
for report as to patentability, practicability, etc. 

Before disclosing the invention to anyone, sign, wit- 
ness, and deposit in our fire-proof safe, the form 
"Evidence of Conception" and establish your rights. A com- 
pleted sample form in our book shows you clearly how 
to protect the invention. All are free. Just ask for 
them on a postcard. 

Some Examples of Patent Periodical Advertising 

Patents on Easy Payments 

Send sketch for free opinion as to patenta- 
bility. Write today for our new book on what 
to invent and how to protect vour invention 
under our NEW EASY PAYMENT PLAN. 

Patent Secured or Fee Returned 

Hundreds of inventions sold yearly. 
We help market vours without cost. 
Our new book *is FREE. Send 
model or sketch for free opinion. 



p 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



ATFMTC SECURED OR ALL 
A I Ln I 3 FEES RETURNED! 

ACTUAL FREE SEARCH of Patent-Office 
Record as to Patentability of your inven- 
tion. With each favorable report we issue a 
Contract to Return All FeesI 



13 



"Inventions Needed" 

This book lays before you a description of 
the active and profitable field of invention. 
It tells you the inventions the world needs 
today, the devices manufacturers are seeking 
for their business, the ideas for which the 
public will pay big money. 

"How to Get Your Patent" 

This book is a guide to the inventor. If 
you have invented something and desire to 
learn what it will cost to get your patent and 
what you must do to find your market, read 
this book. 

Submarines, torpedoes, flying machines, machine 
guns, immense howitzers, the British "tanks," and an 
untold number of other products of American brains, 
are dominant factors in the Great War. We are just 
starting, our — your — ingenuity must lead to Victory. 
Uncle Sam — the whole civilized World — is seeking 
ideas that will aid in the fight. Can't you help with 
even" one of thousands of simple things that will win 
recognition — perhaps fortune — for you? 

This Certificate of Patentability, together with 
our blank form Proof of Conception will protect 
the inventor and serve as proof of the invention 
until the case can be filed in the U. S. Patent Office, 



AS TO THE PATENT 

T T AVING made an invention, the next im- 
■*■ * portant step is to protect it as completely 
as possible. The Patent Laws of the United 
States, and the Official Rules of the Patent Of- 
fice, are all favorable to the thorough protection 
of an invention. If the invention is not entirely 
new, it must necessarily be subservient to ex- 
isting patents, or its scope will be limited by 
expired patents, or by devices that have been in 
public use or on sale for more than two years 
prior to the invention. If an invention is new, 
the inventor is entitled to very broad claims, 
and his specification should be ample and of 
such nature that a man skilled in the art to 
which the invention appertains may gain from 
the drawing and specification such knowledge 
of the invention as will enable him to construct 
and operate the machine or apparatus, if it be 
a mechanical invention, or to carry out the 
method, if it be a patent, for a way of accom- 
plishing a certain result, or to carry out the 
process, if it be an application for a patent for 

14 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 15 

a process, or to form a composition of matter if 
the invention belongs to that class. 

A patent which fails to give this information 
is of no value. In every case the claims should 
be as broad as is consistent with the state of the 
art to which the invention appertains. If the 
invention is entirely new, each portion thereof 
which has any function should be claimed sepa- 
rately, in clear, concise terms, so that no pos- 
sible doubt can exist as to the meaning of the 
claim. In addition to this, the parts may be 
claimed in combination, introducing only so 
many elements into each claim as are required 
to form an operative combination; for it must 
be understood that if the results can be secured 
by fewer elements than are included in the 
claim, the person who thus utilizes several of 
the elements, omitting others, does not infringe 
the claim. 

In attempting to realize from a patent very 
much depends upon the character of the specifi- 
cation and claims. It is not advisable for the 
inventor to prepare his own application for a 
patent ; for while he may thoroughly understand 
his invention, it cannot be supposed that he is 
informed on the intricacies of the Patent Law, 
and the peculiarities of the workings of the Pat- 
ent Office, and the chances are that an inventor 



'16 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

who attempts to secure his own patent will 
either absolutely fail, or secure a patent which 
is utterly worthless. 

MAKING AXD PROSECUTING YOUR 
OWN APPLICATION 

A man who is his own lawyer usually has a 
fool for a client, and an inventor who attempts 
to make and prosecute his own application, 
while not a fool, is doing a foolish thing. In 
the first place the drawings are apt to be in- 
formal and the professional draughtsman is 
usually little better off than his lay brother. 
The writer once saw in a technical school the 
work of forty-five pupils who exhibited patent 
office drawings, but forty-one would have been 
rejected by the Patent Office, although they were 
trained by a very competent mechanical draw- 
ing instructor. The making of a Patent Office 
drawing is a peculiar and very special art and 
cannot be made by the ordinary mechanical or 
or architectural draughtsman. This is reason 
number one why the inventor should try to shift 
the burden on the shoulders of a reputable pat- 
ent attorney. The specification requires to be 
closely tied in with the drawing; the proper 
nomenclature, and the sequence of operations, 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 17 

are essential for a successful application and, 
above all, the claims must be drawn with ex- 
traordinary skill. The average man, inventor or 
not, is about as competent to draw a claim as he 
would be to paint a picture or preach a sermon 
without previous instruction. It is one of the 
most difficult things in the world to write a pat- 
ent case with good claims and to prosecute it 
after the Patent Office has iaken action. If an 
inventor has succeeded in producing, by some- 
thing little short of a miracle, an application 
which was accepted by the Patent Office there 
would be trouble when the amending came (along, 
and, at last, in despair, the inventor would either 
abandon the case, or go to a competent attorney, 
whose fees must be necessarily somewhat high, 
to gather up the broken fibers of the case and 
carry it to conclusion. The best advice ever 
given to an inventor is to go to a patent attor- 
ney, long established and of unblemished 
reputation, whose advertising is candid and be- 
lievable. The satisfaction of knowing that the 
case is in competent hands is worth the usually 
moderate fee that a reputable patent attorney 
is fully justified in making. If you do this you 
will have no regrets either now, or for seven- 
teen years. 



18 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

INCOMPETENT AND BUNGLING ATTOR- 
NEYS 

The case is nearly as bad when the invention 
is intrusted to an attorney who is incompetent 
and inexperienced in the practice of the Patent 
Law, or in practice before the Patent Office ; and 
it is equally as bad if the attorney has not a 
mechanical or scientific mind which will enable 
him to comprehend the invention, and to draw 
a specification which will describe the invention 
in such terms as to leave no doubt as to the 
meaning of the inventor and the character of 
his invention. It also requires a peculiar mind 
to frame claims which are adequate to protect 
an invention. It is, therefore, advisable to in- 
trust the business of procuring a patent to a 
responsible and competent attorney, and the 
question of fees should be the last one raised; 
if the inventor really believes he has a valuable 
invention. 

A LIMITED PATENT 

If the inventor has an invention which is but 
an improvement on some previous invention, or 
if it consists merely in a combination of old, 
well-known devices, which accomplishes a new 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 19 

result, he is entitled to a patent, but his patent 
will be necessarily limited by the fact that the 
novelty consists merely in the combination, 
which in many cases may be broken and some- 
thing equally as good may be produced by an- 
other combination. Frequently the attorney is 
blamed for introducing claims covering too 
many elements, when in reality such claims are 
the only ones that could be obtained. It is un- 
fair, not to say unjust, to the attorney, to judge 
of a patent by merely examining the claims 
without reference to the action of the Patent 
Office in the case. No just conclusion can be ar- 
rived at without first examining the file at the 
Patent Office containing memoranda of all the 
actions in the case. 

A WORD ABOUT COUPON ATTORNEYS 
OR THOSE OF THE "NO PATENT 
NO PAY" VARIETY 

We are repeatedly asked, says the Scientific 
"American, about the "No Patent No Pay" 
system adopted by some attorneys, but to give a 
full explanation of this phrase and what an 
analysis of its purport demonstrates can 
scarcely be covered in a brief statement. 

In the business world it cannot be expected 



20 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

that work shall be done or services rendered for 
nothing. Services purporting to be rendered 
without pay can hardly be of any real value, 
particularly in the legal or the patent profes- 
sion. 

To the discriminating inventor or, in fact, 
any reasoning person, giving the matter proper 
thought, it is plain that the mere securing of a 
patent is of small consequence if the patent is 
considered regardless of its scope and of the 
character of the attorney's work. The compe- 
tent and conscientious solicitor directs his ef- 
forts not to the mere securing of a patent, but 
to the obtaining of a patent containing specifi- 
cations and claims which recognize what is nec- 
essary, in the light of the law and decisions of 
the courts, to afford proper protection to all the 
patentable features of the invention. 

As is doubtless known, it is against the rules 
of the Patent Office to guarantee the issue of a 
patent, and before an application is filed there 
is no means of ascertaining positively that a 
patent will result. Therefore, if an attorney 
has made a conscientious effort to secure favor- 
able action, but has nevertheless failed, is there 
any reason why he should not receive proper 
remuneration for his efforts? 

The advertising of some attorneys is more 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 21 

adroit than candid and is intended to give the 
impression to the unwary that no charge what- 
ever is made when an application is finally re- 
jected; whereas a certain amount, undoubtedly 
sufficient to cover the work done, is demanded 
regardless of the final outcome. Moreover, 
these attorneys rely on various contingencies, 
prominent among which are, — (1) the careless 
reading of the supposed contract or agreement 
by the inventor; (2) the keeping of an applica- 
tion pending for a long time with the knowledge 
that many inventors will lose interest and not 
demand a reckoning; (3) the possibility that a 
very limited claim will be conceded by the Pat- 
ent Office ; (4) in some instances claims are pre- 
sented on unimportant details not actually sub- 
mitted by the applicant and not forming a part 
of his invention. 

The real and only security for an inventor re- 
sides in the services of a recognized competent 
and conscientious attorney, and he can obtain 
these services only upon the payment of a rea- 
sonable fee. An alleged offer to render services 
without pay, if failure results, may properly be 
looked upon with suspicion when offered as an 
inducement to obtain business. 

There is no short road to obtaining patents; 
there is no way in the commercial world to get 



22 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

something for nothing, and those who try to, in- 
variably find that they have been misled. 

Some attorneys almost engulf the inventor 
with hand books, books on "What to Invent,' ' 
endorsements of Government officials, coupons, 
Certificates of Patentability, etc., with a view 
of making a strong impression. Some attorneys 
offer to make a free search or issue a Five-Dol- 
lar Free Search Coupon. It requires time and 
money to make a Patent Office search. Any at- 
torney, therefore, who offers to render this serv- 
ice for nothing, does work which is worth that 
exactly, and no more. 

Perhaps one prefers to invest in a "Special 
Case" Fifteen-Dollar Coupon. This will insure 
one's application being "taken up out of its 
turn." For the small sum of $15 one's business 
is to be given preference over that of other in- 
ventors ; but the question naturally arises, does 
one wish to place his business in the hands of 
attorneys who have their favorites, and who 
push forward the work of some clients at the ex- 
pense of that of others ? 

Or, perhaps one cares to purchase a Certifi- 
cate of Patentability, with a guarantee that fees 
will be returned if a patent does not issue. A 
Certificate of Patentability, although an elab- 
orately engraved document, bearing an impres- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 23 

sive seal, is of little value, since it does not 
guarantee what its name implies. The Certifi- 
cate of Patentability is sent to an inventor 
presumably after a search has been made, but 
this search (?) is generally limited to United 
States patents, and it is possible that an inven- 
tion may be anticipated in a foreign patent, a 
publication, or a pending application, which are 
not accessible for the purpose of search. How, 
therefore, will the possession of such certificate 
indicate that an application for patent can be 
successfully prosecuted? As to the contract 
relative to the return of the fees : What is this 
contract? Eead it and it will be noted that it 
returns all the fees paid except a few one may 
not have noticed, such as the first Government 
fee of $15, an agency fee of $10, and the cost of 
the Patent Office drawings, which is an indefinite 
amount to be determined by the attorney while 
one's application is being prepared. One does 
not know, therefore, when he employs a "No 
Patent No Pay" attorney, what he will have to 
pay for the handling of his patent application. 
Another subject which we wish to treat briefly 
is the practice of some attorneys of inducing 
inventors to retain them owing to their excep- 
tional facilities of disposing of the patents by 
putting the clients in touch with manufacturers 



24 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



who are looking for new and useful devices. 
This is merely a scheme to secure business since 
it is obvious that any manufacturer, no matter 
in what line, would adopt a meritorious inven- 
tion only with full knowledge that by so doing 
the acquisition would be profitable. 

The foregoing information is offered with a 
view of placing an inventor on guard against 
those who offer alluring inducements to obtain 
fees, but who in return fail to render services to 
the inventor which protect his rights. 



APPLICANTS 

A PATENT may be obtained by any person 
-**■ who has invented or discovered any new 
and useful art, machine, manufacture, or com- 
position of matter, or any new and useful im- 
provement thereof, not known or used by others 
in this country, and not patented or described 
in any printed publication in this or any foreign 
country, before his invention or discovery there- 
of, and not in public use or on sale for more than 
two years prior to his application, unless the 
same is proved to have been abandoned; and 
by any person who, by his own industry, genius, 
efforts, and expense, has invented and produced 
any new and original design for a manufacture, 
bust, statue, alto-relievo, or bas-relief ; any new 
and original design for the printing of woollen, 
silk, cotton, or other fabrics ; any new and orig- 
inal impression, ornament, pattern, print, or 
picture to be printed, painted, cast, or otherwise 
placed on or worked into any article of manu- 
facture ; or any new, useful, and original shape 
or configuration of any article of manufacture, 

25 



26 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

the same not having been known nor used by 
others before his invention or production there- 
of, nor patented nor described in any printed 
publication. 

"If it appear that the inventor, at the time of 
making his application, believed himself to be 
the first inventor or discoverer, a patent will 
not be refused on account of the invention or 
discovery, or any part thereof, having been 
known or used in any foreign country before 
his invention or discovery thereof, if it had not 
been before patented or described in any printed 
publication. 

" Joint inventors are entitled to a joint pat- 
ent, neither can claim one separately. Inde- 
pendent inventors of distinct and independent 
improvements in the same machine cannot ob- 
tain a joint patent for their separate inventions ; 
nor does the fact that one furnishes the capital 
and another makes the invention entitle them 
to make application as joint inventors; but in 
such case they may become joint patentees. 

"The receipt of letters patent from a foreign 
government will not prevent the inventor from 
obtaining a patent in the United States unless 
the invention shall have been introduced into 
public use in the United States more than two 
years prior to the application. But every pat- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 27 

ent granted for an invention which has been 
previously patented by the same inventor in a 
foreign country will be so limited as to expire 
at the same time with the foreign patent, or if 
there be more than one, at the same time with 
the one having the shortest unexpired term; 
but in no case will it be in force more than sev- 
enteen years/' 

RECORD OF INVENTION 

Some of the prominent inventors keep an ac- 
curate record of their progress in the develop- 
ment of an invention, illustrating it with 
sketches, signing it and dating it with each new 
addition, and where practicable, having it wit- 
nessed by two or more witnesses. Such a 
record is certainly very important in the case 
of an interference, as it enables the inventor to 
fix the dates of the various steps in his invention 
beyond a question. It is a sort of evidence that 
cannot be impeached. Such a record often 
proves of great value in effecting sales and in 
fixing the price of a patent, as it shows the 
amount of labor involved in bringing the inven- 
tion to a perfected state. 

Of course these remarks do not apply to every 
invention. A small invention which appears in 



28 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



its perfect and final shape on its conception in 
the inventor's mind, would require only such 
memoranda as would fix the date of the first 
conception and of reducing the invention to 
practical form. This record would be useful 
only in an interference. 



THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IN- 
VENTION 

AN inventor who has ample means can pro- 
ceed with the necessary experiments, 
construct machinery and apparatus, inform 
himself as to the state of the art and file his 
application for a patent without consulting his 
friends or making his invention known; except 
to his attorney and the Patent Office. Such an 
inventor has the advantage over one of limited 
means, not only in this respect, but in promot- 
ing the invention after the patent is issued. A 
poor inventor can seldom afford to run the 
risks incident to applying for patents, since in 
the first place he is not certain of success in ob- 
taining a patent ; and, in the second place, if he 
succeeds in securing a patent it may have no 
value, or even if it has real merit, it may be im- 
possible for him to promote it by the means at 
his command. He is, therefore, tempted to part 
with a small interest in his invention for the 
sake of securing the necessary funds for the 
preliminary experiments, for the patent, and for 
the construction and operation of the machine, 

29 



3 o INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

if the invention is for a machine, or for the 
development of a process, if the invention be- 
longs to that class. 

An inventor in this predicament is apt to 
make a fatal mistake by assigning to another 
an undivided interest in his invention. Such an 
assignment appears fair enough on the face of 
it, as it would seem that the proceeds of the 
patent should, under such an assignment, be di- 
vided according to the several interests pro 
rata. This would be an equitable division of 
the profits, but in this kind of an assignment an 
opportunity is offered to the assignee of manu- 
facturing, using, and selling to others to be used, 
the articles covered by the patent, also to grant 
territorial rights, such grants being unlimited 
by the terms of the assignment, and it matters 
little how small the interest conveyed by such 
an assignment, the assignee can proceed with 
the patent in much the same way as if he were 
the sole owner. The inventor cannot bring an 
action in the civil court against the assignee 
for an accounting, neither can he affect the ac- 
tions of those having territorial grants under 
the patent, or licenses to manufacture. 

It will thus be seen that the assignee of an 
undivided interest has a decided advantage over 
the inventor, if he is inclined to be dishonor- 



TNVENTOR'S MANUAL 31 

able. It may be safely stated that a large pro- 
portion of inventors have virtually lost their 
inventions by making an assignment of an un- 
divided interest. It is, therefore, not advisable 
to make such an assignment unless the assignee 
is worthy of the utmost confidence. 

Both the inventor and the partner or person 
from whom the money is obtained may be pro- 
tected by the execution of an assignment which 
embodies a covenant that neither party shall, 
tvithout notice to and the approval and consent 
of the other, sell, assign, transfer or in any man- 
ner encumber his individual interest in or the 
joint title to the invention and the patent, or 
manufacture and sell the invention as an article 
of merchandise or grant any licenses or privi- 
leges under the patent when issued on the in- 
vention without such notice. It also contains a 
provision that the profits derived from the in- 
vention shall be divided in the proportion of 
the respective interests of the parties. Under 
this form of Assignment, the co-owners of the 
patent in many respects stand in the relation 
of partners to each other. 

Another way to secure the means for the de- 
velopment, patenting, and the introduction of 
the invention is to enter into contract with the 
party furnishing the means, the terms of which 



32 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

secure to the party a certain proportion of the 
proceeds of the invention, and at the same time 
guarantee the inventor sufficient means to carry 
out his invention. As a rule, it is not difficult 
to find men who are willing to invest the amount 
necessary to develop and patent an invention, 
for a small percentage of the proceeds of the 
manufacture and sale, or of territorial grants. 
Generally the inventor can find those among his 
acquaintances who are willing to do this. In 
any case, whatever is agreed upon should be 
in the form of a contract, couched in such terms 
as to leave no doubt as to the understanding be- 
tween the parties. 
A form for such a contract is given below: 

AGREEMENT PRIOR TO APPLICATION FOR PATENT 

Whereas I, — , of , county 

f _ _ an( j State of , have in- 
vented a new and useful improvement in 

— ~ — , for which I am about to apply for 

Letters Patent of the United States, and 

whereas — , of - --* -- — ■ -- , is desirous 

of obtaining an interest in the net profits aris- 
ing from the sale or working of the said inven- 
tion under such Letters Patent of the United 
States as may hereafter be granted ; 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 33 

Now This Indenture Witnesseth, that for 
and in consideration of one dollar paid by each 
of the parties hereto to the other, the receipt of 
which is hereby acknowledged, it is stipulated 
and agreed as follows: First, that the said 

, shall pay all moneys necessary to 

the construction of a suitable model to represent 
the said invention; that he shall pay all ex- 
penses necessarily incurredrin procuring Let- 
ters Patent of the United States ; that he shall 
pay all necessary expenses incurred in the con- 
struction of a working machine (or in carrying 
out the process) ; that he shall make diligent 
effort to promote the invention, its manufacture 
and sale ; Second, that the said -, in- 
ventor of the said in consideration 

of the payment of the moneys above mentioned, 

agrees to pay to the said , 25 per 

cent of all net receipts in any manner arising 
from the sale or working of the said patent dur- 
ing the term for which the said patent may be 
granted. 

Witness our hands and seals this day 

of , a. d. 19—. 

( Seal) 



In presence of 



ASSIGNMENTS 

OF AN ENTIRE INTEREST IN AN INVENTION BEFORE 
THE ISSUE OF LETTERS PATENT 



Whereas I, 



,of 

and State of — 



— , county 
-, have in- 



of 

vented a certain improvement in - — , 

for which I am about to make application for 
Letters Patent of the United States; and 
whereas , of , county of 



-, and State of ■ 



-, is desirous 



of acquiring an interest therein: 

Now, therefore, in consideration of 

dollars, the receipt of which is hereby acknowl- 
edged, I, -, by these presents do sell, 

assign, and transfer unto the full 

and exclusive right to the said invention, as 
described in the specification executed by me 
on the day of , 19 — , pre- 
paratory to obtaining Letters Patent of the 
United States therefor; and I hereby request 
the Commissioner of Patents to issue said Let- 
ters Patent to as the assignee, for 

his interest, for the sole use and behoof of 
said and his legal representatives. 

34 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 35 

Executed day of , 19 — . 

(Seal.) 

In presence of : 



(If assignment, grant, or conveyance be acknowledged as 
provided for by Rule 185, the certificate will be prima facie 
evidence of the execution of such assignment, grant, or con- 
veyance.) 



OF THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN LETTERS PATENT 

Whereas I, , of , county 

of — — , State of , did obtain 

Letters Patent of the United States for an im- 
provement in , which Letters Patent 

are numbered , and bear date the 

day of , 19 — ; and whereas 

I am now the sole owner of said patent; and 

whereas , of , county of 

, and State of , is desirous 

of acquiring the entire interest in the same : 

Now, therefore, in consideration of the sum 

of — dollars, the receipt of which is 

hereby acknowledged, I, , by these 

presents do sell, assign, and transfer unto the 

said , the whole right, title, and 

interest in and to the said Letters Patent there- 
for aforesaid ; the same to be held and enjoyed 
by the said , for his own use and 



36 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



behoof, and for his legal representatives, to the 
full end of the term for which said Letters 
Patent are granted, as fully and entirely as the 
same would have been held by me had this as- 
signment and sale not been made. 
Executed day of — , 19 — . 



In presence of: 



[l. s.] 



(See note under previous form.) 



OF AN UNDIVIDED INTEREST IN LETTERS PATENT 



"Whereas I, 
county of — — 



-, of 



-, State of 



-, did 



obtain Letters Patent of the United States for 
an improvement in — , which Letters 



Patent are numbered 
— — dav of 



, of 

State of 



and bear date the 

; and whereas 

, county of 

— , is desirous of 



acquiring an interest in the same : 
Now, therefore, in consideration of the sum 

of „ — dollars, the receipt of which is 

hereby acknowledged, I, , by these 

presents do sell, assign, and transfer unto the 
said — - , the undivided one-half part 






INVENTOR'S MANUAL 37 

of the whole right, title, and interest in and to 
the said invention and in and to the Letters Pat- 
ent therefor aforesaid ; the said undivided one- 
half part to be held by — i for his 

own use and behoof, and his legal representa- 
tives, to the full end of the term for which said 
Letters Patent are granted, as fully and entirely 
as the same would have been held by me had 
this assignment not been made. 
Executed — — day of , 19 — . 



[l. s.] 



In presence of : 



(See note under first form.) 

TERRITORIAL INTEREST AFTER GRANT OF PATENT 

Whereas I, — , of 



county of , State of , did 

obtain Letters Patent of the United States for 

an improvement in -, which Letters 

Patent are numbered , and bear date the 

day of , in the year 19 — ; 

and whereas I am now the sole owner of the said 
patent and of all rights under the same in the 

below-recited territory; and whereas , 

f ^ county of , State of 



38 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

, is desirous of acquiring an interest 



in the same : 

Now, therefore, for and in consideration of 

the sum of dollars to me in hand 

paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowl- 
edged, I, , by these presents do 

sell, assign, and transfer unto the said 

all the right, title, and interest in and 



to the said invention, as secured to me by said 
Letters Patent, for, to, and in the State of 

, and for, to, or in no other place or 

places; the same to be held by 



within and throughout the above-specified ter- 
ritory, but not elsewhere, for his own use and 
behoof, and of his legal representatives, to the 
full end of the term for which said Letters Pat- 
ent are granted, as fully and entirely as the 
same would have been held by me had this as- 
signment and sale not been made. 
Executed < day of , 19 — . 



[l. s.l 



In presence of: 



(See note under first form.) 

LICENSE — SHOP-RIGHT 

In consideration of the sum of dol- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 39 

lars, to be paid by the firm of , of 

, in the county of , State of 

, I do hereby license and empower 

the said to manufacture in said 

(or other place agreed upon) the im- 
provement in , for which Letters Pat- 
ent of the United States No. were granted 

to me the day of , in the 

year 19 — , and to sell the machines so manufac- 
tured throughout the United States to the full 
end of the term for which said Letters Patent 
are granted. 

Signed at , in the county of 

and State of , this day of 

, 19-. 



In presence of : 



LICENSE — NOT EXCLUSIVE — WITH ROYALTY 

This agreement, made this day of 

. 19 — , between , of 



-, in the county of and State of 

-, party of the first part, and 



of , in the county of and 

State of , party of the second part, 



4 o INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

witnesseth, that whereas Letters Patent of the 

United States No. , for improvement in 

, were granted to the party of the 

first part on the — day of , 

19 — ; and whereas the party of the second part 
is desirous of manufacturing con- 
taining said patented improvements: Now, 
therefore, the parties have agreed as follows: 

I. The party of the first part hereby licenses 
and empowers the party of the second part to 
manufacture, subject to the conditions herein- 
after named, at their factory in , and 

in no other place or places, to the end of the 
term for which said Letters Patent were 

granted, containing the patented 

improvements, and to sell the same within the 
United States. 

II. The party of the second part agrees to 
make full and true returns to the party of the 
first part, under oath, upon the first days of 

and in each year, of all 

containing the patented improve- 
ments manufactured by them. 

III. The party of the second part agrees to 
pay to the party of the first part ■ dol- 
lars as a license fee upon every — 

manufactured by said party of the second part 
containing the patented improvements; pro- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 41 

vided, that if the said fee be paid upon the days 
provided herein for semiannual returns, or 

within days thereafter, a discount of 

— per cent shall be made from said fee for 
prompt payment. 

IV. Upon a failure of the party of the sec- 
ond part to make returns or to make payment 

of license fees, as herein provided, for 

days after the days herein named, the party of 
the first part may terminate this license by 
serving a written notice upon the party of the 
second part; but the party of the second part 
shall not thereby be discharged from any lia- 
bility to the party of the first part for any li- 
cense fees due at the time of the service of said 
notice. 

In witness whereof the parties above named 
have hereunto set their hands the day and year 

first above written at , in the county of 

and State of . 



In the presence of : 



REVERSION OF A PATENT 
It is common to have a contract between the 



42 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



patentee and the manufacturer, with conditions 
for the reversion of the patent or privilege 
granted under the patent in case the manufac- 
turer should fail to comply with the contract. 
If a party obtains an assignment of a patent 
under a contract which binds him to use dili- 
gence in the prosecution of the manufacture or 
sale, and to use money in the introduction and 
promotion of the patent or patented article, a 
failure to do anything on the part of the as- 
signee or to use due diligence, the inventor may 
by due process of law set aside the contract and 
recover his patent. 

FRAUD IN THE SALE OF A PATENT 

When a patented machine is sold under false 
representations and the capacity of the machine 
or the value of the process is grossly overesti- 
mated, or if the patent appears to be inopera- 
tive or valueless, the sale may be set aside by 
the buyer, and when a note is given for the pur- 
chase of a patent right, if the patent is void, and 
the invention of no value, the note given for such 
invention is void as between the parties. 

THE EXHIBIT OF THE INVENTION 



Many inventors after they have conceived an 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 43 

invention are in such haste to get it into some 
kind of presentable shape that they proceed 
without due regard to the perfection of detail. 
Such inventors frequently get patents for in- 
ventions which are so crude and primitive as to 
be entirely worthless, and even after the patent 
is obtained, they fail to perfect their invention 
before submitting it to promoters or capitalists. 
As a consequence, the first exhibit of the in- 
vention is merely a chapter of mistakes and ex- 
cuses. Certain portions of the device have not 
been quite perfected, and this or that needs to 
be done to accomplish the desired results. 

This may seem well enough to the sanguine 
inventor, but such procedure as this is fatal to 
the success of the invention. It must be remem- 
bered that those who furnish capital for the 
promotion of the invention, and those who as- 
sist inventors in placing their inventions on a 
business basis, are, as a rule, neither mechanical 
nor scientific, and can, therefore, make no al- 
lowance for imperfections or mistakes. 

The inventor, if he can avoid it, should never 
exhibit to any one an imperfect model, machine, 
or process. It is better to even spend a year or 
so in the perfection of an invention than to ex- 
hibit something that is so imperfect as to re- 
quire a multitude of excuses and promises as 



44 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

to future improvements. First impressions are 
all-important; therefore the inventor should 
prepare such models and exhibits of his inven- 
tion as will present it in the best possible shape. 
There must be no mistake about its performance 
if it be a machine, a piece of apparatus, or a 
process. The writer knows of cases in which the 
very best of opportunities were lost by failing 
to act in accordance with these simple common- 
sense observations. 

INVENTIONS OF WOMEN 

It is only within a few years that many 
women have turned their attention to the sub- 
ject of patents, and even now the proportion of 
patents taken out by women is very small in- 
deed ; but there is no reason why it should not 
be much larger. In household matters women 
have an opportunity to see chances for inven- 
tion which would entirely escape the attention 
of men, and they frequently do make inventions 
which are put into practical use without real- 
izing that they are patentable and might yield a 
handsome income. It may be safely said that 
the proportion of successful patents taken out 
by women exceeds the proportion of successful 
patents taken out by men. There would, there- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 45 

fore, seem to be every encouragement for 
women in the line of successful invention. 

It is unnecessary for women to go outside of 
home for subjects for inventions; household 
utensils, furniture and ornaments supply a 
large field for invention; wearing apparel af- 
fords many opportunities for invention. Large 
manufacturers of women's, misses', and chil- 
dren's furnishing goods are always ready to 
purchase patents covering novelties in their 
respective lines. 

DESIGN PATENTS 

Theke is a class of inventions which seems 
to have been overlooked by many inventors, but 
which has proved profitable to others. We 
refer to the invention of designs. While it is 
seldom that a design patent brings a very large 
sum, yet one who is fertile in the invention of 
designs can turn out a great many patents of 
this class in the course of a year, which in the 
aggregate will net a very handsome sum. 

This particular branch of invention is one 
in which women may engage to advantage. In 
fact, many of them produce designs well worthy 
of a patent, which are given away, for the rea- 
son that the idea of patenting them never enters 



46 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

their mind. By a little effort women who are 
artistically inclined may produce designs for 
wall paper, for carpets, jewelry, silverware, 
furniture, pottery, glassware, etc. 

Design patents are granted for any new, 
original and ornamental figure, shape or pat- 
tern, for prints or fabrics of any kind to be 
woven, printed, cast, or otherwise placed on or 
worked into any article of manufacture; also 
for any new bust, statue, altro-relievo, or bas- 
relief. The object of the design patent law is 
to afford protection for articles of manufacture 
having an esthetic or artistic value. If the de- 
sign is deemed to be a work of the fine arts, how- 
ever, it will be necessary to secure protection 
by a copyright and not by a design patent. The 
scope of the design patent law is very broad in 
respect to the protection which it is possible to 
obtain for artistic designs for articles of manu- 
facture. In a number of instances large busi- 
ness interests have been built up with a design 
patent or patents for a basis. This is in a 
great measure due to the very liberal laws now 
in force against the infringers of this class of 
patents. Where a foreign application for pro- 
tection for a design has been filed, the United 
States application should be filed within four 
months of the filing abroad. An application can 
be made for the shortest terra and before allow- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 47 

ance extended to either one of the longer terms 
upon payment of the additional Government 
fee. 

Design patents may be taken on parts of ma- 
chines. Many a machine has met with a ready 
sale on account of its appropriate or elegant 
form. Sometimes a machine or piece of appa- 
ratus which cannot be protected by a patent for 
construction might form the subject of a design 
patent which will afford ample protection. A 
machine ugly in appearance may be put into new 
framework and made to appear like a different 
machine, and, whereas, before its change of de- 
sign it seemed to be unsalable, the new form 
catches the eye, and attention being drawn in 
this way to the machine, a sale is effected. 

It will thus be seen that design patents have 
an indirect as well as a direct value. As a rule 
design patents must be sold to large manufac- 
turers. They cannot be worked apart from the 
manufactory. For this reason they are more or 
less subject to the manufacturer, who may buy 
them or not, as he pleases, but a really new and 
elegant design will always find a market. 

PATENTS AS THE BASIS OF BUSINESS 

One of the legitimate uses of patents is the 

protection of an industry or monopoly. The 



48 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

man who has invented a really good thing which 
is likely to be largely in demand, if he consults 
his own interests will manufacture the article 
himself, and will thus not only make the in- 
ventor's profit, but also the manufacturer's 
profit, which is quite as important. In this 
case, if the inventor has not the means where- 
with to establish a business on the basis of his 
patent, he can readily secure a partner, and 
while he will be obliged to divide the profits 
with his partner, he w r ill still have the advan- 
tage of manufacturing the article with as much 
profit to himself as he would realize from a 
royalty, and, beside this, he would be the proper 
person to manage the business of manufactur- 
ing, and w r ould therefore be entitled to a salary, 
which to some extent would offset the propor- 
tion of the profits w T hich goes to the partner. 

PEOFITS FROM INVENTIONS 

It is stated that the late Mr. Westinghouse 
made $20,000,000 out of the air brake. It was 
called at first a "small thing," using air in that 
way, says the Iron Industrial Gazette, but it has 
panned out well. Other "small things" have 
rewarded mechanics w r ell. The lead-pencil rub- 
ber tip cleared its inventor $100,000 ; the metal 
rivet or eyelet for miners ' coat and trousers' 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 49 

pockets brought its inventor a fortune ; boot and 
shoe heel and sole plates of metal cleared $1,- 
250,000 ; the glass bell inverted over lamps and 
gas jets cleared a fortune; the simple plan of 
fastening powdered emery on cloth made a for- 
tune ; the roller skate cleared $1,000,000 before 
the craze died out for the time being ; the gim- 
let screw realized millions ; copper tips for shoes 
netted millions; the simple needle threader 
netted $10,000 a year ; toys and playthings have 
cleared thousands; the ball with the rubber 
string brought an income of $50,000 a year ; the 
" Dancing Jim Crow" netted $75,000 a year; 
Pharaoh's serpents cleared $50,000; the " wheel 
of life" cleared $50,000; the chameleon top 
cleared a fortune; the "Pigs in Clover" puzzle 
has within one year made its inventor a for- 
tune; the pencil sharpener cleared a fortune. 
Hundreds of "small things" have turned out 
well. If you have an idea, bring it out and let 
the busy and inquisitive world see it. The me- 
chanics who have been enriched by little inven- 
tions far exceed in number those who have 
reaped fame and fortune by great inventions. 
Put on your thinking-cap, and dive into the 
world of possibilities. The fortune is there if 
you only know how to find it. 



5 o INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

HOW PATENTS PROMOTE TRADE 

"Patents and trade go hand in hand. Take 
away the motive of invention and you destroy 
an important ally of improvement. It is said 
that inventors always will invent; that inven- 
tions come when they are needed, and common 
phrase makes them to be, as it were, automat- 
ically evolved out of the necessities of business. 
Inventions do not come merely because they are 
needed, but because they are needed and will be 
paid for, and it is only by making them prop- 
erty, and protecting them as property, that they 
are worth purchase. They are influenced, like 
other things, by the law of supply and demand ; 
but the law of supply and demand does not op- 
erate where there is no inducement to supply, 
and no payment accompanies the demand. De- 
mand must eome with purse in hand, or supply 
does not respond. The patent system is based 
upon tliis fundamental law of political econ- 
omy. Inventions do not come when and merely 
because they are called for, as by the stroke of a 
magician's wand. Long years must perhaps be 
spent in study and costly experiment. A pre- 
mium was offered for a steam engine by 
Charles II., but Watt only produced one under 
George III. A steam plough has been a desid- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 51 

eratum for a generation, but the demand has 
not yet produced the supply, but the gasoline 
tractor has." 

MONEY IN INVENTIONS 

"Oete of the best opportunities for a young 
fellow to make money quickly in these days," 
said a self-made millionaire of this city to a 
writer on the New York Tribune recently, "is to 
rack his brains until he has invented something 
useful or that the public wants." A general 
impression prevails that it takes a skilled engi- 
neer or a man of phenomenal inventive ability 
to develop anything useful to manufacturers in 
this age of machinery. But there is a wide field 
open to shrewd amateurs, so to speak, to supply 
little articles of convenience, to housekeepers 
shopkeepers, etc., and designers can be had at 
reasonable rates to execute the idea, once it is 
conceived. American women are so accustomed 
to getting what they want that anything which 
lightens their labors in the household is sure 
to "go." When I was a boy on the farm at 
home, my mother used to make me clean all the 
dinner knives on Sunday with bath brick. Now, 
scraping this brick into a fine powder, with- 
out lumps in it, used to be the most tedious part 



52 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

of the whole work. The other day I heard of a 
man who has made a fortune by supplying the 
trade with powdered bath bricks in neat pack- 
ages. Yon know how difficult it is to pick up 
small coins from a wooden counter. Yet the 
whole civilized world has growled at and en- 
dured it since coins were stamped and counters 
made, until one day a young fellow invented 
a rubber mat with little bristles of rubber stand- 
ing up thickly all over it. Coins thrown on the 
mat are as easily picked up as if they stood on 
edge. The public was quick to appreciate it, 
and the inventor did not work for a living any 
longer. 

PEINTS AND LABELS 

Prints and labels possessing artistic merit 
come under the Copyright Law, but are regis- 
trable in the Patent Office. The purpose of a 
print is to protect artistic advertising matter 
which is not intended to be affixed to the goods. 
In the case of a label the latter should be artistic 
and should be affixed to the goods. The print 
or the label should refer to the merchandise in 
connection with the sale of which it is used, and 
ten copies are required to be filed with each 
application. An application for the protection 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 53 

of either a print or a label should be filed within 
a reasonable time after publication, and each 
copy should bear the following notice: "Copy- 
right," with the year when first published and 
the name of the proprietor. 

PATENT TRICKS— OLD AND NEW 

Some time ago, under this heading, a writer 
in the Scientific American explained some of 
the methods practiced by sharpers upon unsus- 
pecting patentees, for whose benefit we will now 
repeat our remarks, and make a few additions. 

When an inventor receives a patent, his name 
is immortalized in the Official Gazette, and he 
immediately becomes the object of attack from 
a horde of hungry aspirants for money, among 
whom are ex-clerks, patent brokers, and pre- 
tended legal lights of varying degrees. The 
patentee is deluged with circulars and letters 
from this class of gentry. Some write to in- 
form him confidentially that his patent is good 
for nothing ; but on receipt of a certain fee they 
will set it right and make it sound as a silver 
dollar. Others pleasantly inform the new- 
fledged inventor they have read his patent with 
great pleasure, consider it to be a very valuable 
invention. If properly introduced, much money 



54 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



can be soon realized. The State of Iowa, they 
say, is worth $50,000, Ohio $45,000, Pennsyl- 
vania $65,000, and so on. All that is necessary 
is to print some circulars and do a little blow- 
ing, which the broker generously offers to do 
on receipt from the inventor of ten to fifty dol- 
lars cash in advance. 

The $6.30 trick consists in honeyfugling $4.80 
from the inventor for pretended advertising and 
$1.50 on some other pretext. The division of 
the money into two items, they think, makes it 
easier to hoodwink the inventor. The whole 
amount is small ; but victims are numerous, and 
the trick, oft repeated, yields in the aggregate 
considerable swag. In general the runners of 
such dens are scoundrels, who, for dishonest 
practices, have been kicked out of other con- 
cerns. 

Advertising should be done by the patentee, 
in his own name and address. He thus makes 
the invention known to the public, receives the 
direct benefit of all replies, and his money does 
not go into the pockets of swindlers. 

Another shark writes to say he has an actual 
offer of $10,000 for the patent for Canada, pro- 
vided the patent is at once taken, which he will 
procure on receipt of the necessary money. It 
is almost needless to suggest these schemes are 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 55 

designed to fleece the inventor. The so-called 
patent sellers rarely effect a bona fide sale. 
They depend upon the advance fees obtained as 
above for a livelihood. Some of them have thus 
grown rich and prosperous. 

These pretended sellers try to make it ap- 
pear they are reliable by giving respectable 
references, and cite names of patentees for 
whom they purport to have jsold patents. One 
mode of procuring these references is as fol- 
lows : They write the patentee they have a cus- 
tomer who will buy a county right in Minne- 
sota for $500, and pay by deeding 25 acres of 
land in Arkansas, really worth $1,000, but to 
obtain the patent right they are willing to let 
the land go and take the right in settlement, 
provided $50 cash is paid and a mortgage is 
given for $500. This done, the patent broker 
closes the transaction, receives the $50 cash, 
which is the full value of the land, also receives 
a mortgage for $500, together with the patent 
deed. At the same time the broker is careful to 
obtain a written certificate from the inventor, 
stating, "I take pleasure in saying that X. Y. Z. 
& Co. have sold a patent right for me at my 
price, and on terms satisfactory, and I recom- 
mend them," etc. In this way references are 
secured which make quite an impressive show 



56 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

on circulars, while the inventor is so ashamed 
of having been so easily duped he keeps mum. 

One of the latest tricks is the following : The 
patentee receives a letter from A. & B. asking 
for how much he will sell his patent for such 
and such a State. He replies giving a price, 
say $5,000. The patentee soon after receives 
another letter from X. T. Z., saying that " A. & 
B. write they have corresponded with you, and 
now say they have decided to purchase the pat- 
ent on the terms named, provided the title and 
claims are found to be correct." To ascertain 
this, they require that X. Y. Z. shall examine 
and report upon the patent, otherwise A. & B. 
will not purchase; that, if the patentee wishes 
to complete the sale, he must remit fifty dollars 
to pay for the examination, which is a work in- 
dependent of the sale, and must be independ- 
ently paid. The inventor sends the money, a 
report is made adverse to the patentee, no pur- 
chase is made, none was ever intended. 

A new edition of the same class of swindles 
is worked by a gang of confederates as follows : 

One of the swindlers writes to the patentee 
asking if the patent has been disposed of. If 
not, he would like to correspond with a view to 
purchase or manufacture. Reply is made that 
the patent is for sale. Then comes another 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 57 

letter from the swindler, saying substantially: 
"We have examined the invention very care- 
fully, and, if you will furnish us with an opin- 
ion or report as to the scope and validity of 
your patent, we will, if same is satisfactory, 
make you an offer, either for purchase or 
license on royalty. Our proposition will be 
based entirely on the nature of the opinion or 
report. If you have not already a reliable 
opinion, we recommend D. & Co. (Diddlem) as 
moderate in charges for this class of work. Such 
patent rights as we buy must be bought at once, 
and it will, therefore, pay you to furnish the 
report without delay." The inventor then 
writes to the other members of the gang, Did- 
dlem & Co., by whom the inventor is requested 
to send $50 to $100 cash, and the desired report 
will be furnished. Unsuspecting inventors 
easily fall victims to this trick; the money is 
paid, and the tricksters, who never had an idea 
of buying the patent, divide the plunder. 

The patent-insurance dodge is another scheme 
for relieving inventors of their cash. This pur- 
ports to be a corporation for insuring inventors 
against infringements. By paying $8 cash 
within 30 days of the issuance of the -patent, the 
concern undertakes to insure the patentee for 
one year against any infringement of his patent 



58 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

by other people, besides giving advice and serv- 
ices for which other lawyers charge anywhere 
from $250 to $10,000. There is less chance of 
infringement during this period than that the 
inventor will be struck by lightning in winter. 
This is simply a scheme to do the inventor out 
of $8. 

There are fraudulent foreign as well as home 
concerns calling themselves International 
Agencies, etc., that dupe inventors in small 
sums ranging from $5 to $155 on pretense of 
securing Canadian and English protection; 
also Bureaus that work prize tricks, $2,500 
prize, tickets $5 to $70. 

A French trick played with much success on 
American inventors is the following : The new 
patentee receives by mail, from Paris, a flam- 
ing ornamental document of provisional mem- 
bership, which looks as if it came officially from 
the president of the famous Academy of Sci- 
ences, with a letter informing Monsieur le John 
Smith, of Snuffkinsville, Arkansas, Eepublique 
des Etats Unis, that the Academy has observed 
with pleasure his invention for planting seeds, 
so important for agriculture ; in view of which 
they have voted to confer upon M. le Smith the 
honorable distinction of membership in the 
Academy. M. le Smith will have the goodness 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 59 

to remit to the treasurer the nominal sum of 
fifty francs — ten dollars — to defray the cost of 
the parchment, framing, boxing and transpor- 
tation of the diploma. These tricksters are said 
to draw considerable money from the United 
States. 

Another swindler writes to the new patentee 
saying he has an offer of five thousand or ten 
thousand dollars for the Canadian patent ; if the 
patentee wishes to realize, he must send $40 at 
once to pay for the Canadian patent. 

Such are a few of the adroit schemes now in 
vogue for patent swindling. We say to pat- 
entees, "Beware of them all." They are sim- 
ply traps to catch your money. To sell patents 
requires earnest, honest tvork; they cannot be 
sold by knaves who simply sit in their offices 
and send out lying circulars. Credulous in- 
ventors, however, can be cheated in that way. 
The success of so many tricksters establishes 
the fact. 

There is no easy and royal road to the sale of 
a patent. It requires active effort and constant 
attention until it is effected. In general the 
patentee himself is the best selling agent, for 
he is familiar with the merits of the invention; 
but, if unable to act, then he should try by ad- 
vertising or inquiry to seek out and employ per- 



60 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

sons specially to travel, explain and sell ; to do 
nothing else until the patent is disposed of; to 
pay their own expenses, and receive as compen- 
sation a commission of say fifty per cent, of the 
proceeds ; or such other sum as may be agreed. 
Bills have been introduced in Congress to 
protect innocent purchasers of patents, i. e., 
infringers. Might it not also be well for some- 
body to formulate a law to protect innocent in- 
ventors? 

JOINT OWNERSHIP 

Where two parties are joint owners of a 
patent, neither can sue the other for infringe- 
ment; and, further, neither joint owner can sue 
the other to compel an accounting of the profits 
of the manufacture by the other of the patented 
article. 

The decisions bearing on these cases are 
Aspinwall vs. Gill, 32 Fed. Eep. 691; Vose vs. 
Sanger, 4 Allen, 226. 

PAETLY EXPIRED PATENTS 

After a patent has run a few years it is gen- 
erally difficult to realize much from it unless the 
patentee is able to improve his invention to 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 6l 

such an extent as to entitle him to further pat- 
ents, and while the original patent cannot be 
prolonged, it frequently happens that the im- 
provements prove to be far more valuable than 
the original patent and these run the full term 
of seventeen years. 

FOREIGN PATENTS 

Inventors should realize that their oppor- 
tunity is not limited by their United States 
patent. The vast manufacturing and commer- 
cial enterprises of the old world offer a great 
field for our inventors provided ordinary judg- 
ment is used. Do not try to patent a typewriter 
in China unless you are sure that your keyboard 
will respond to all the wonderful characters of 
this intricate language. A study of local con- 
ditions in the countries about to be selected is 
not only advisable but economical. A good 
commercial geography is a book to be consulted. 
Mill's "The International Geography" is a 
good one and can be seen in most libraries. 
"The Abstract of Statistics" published by our 
government and sent by the Superintendent of 
Public Documents for 40 cents, is also valu- 
able. The more that an inventor can read up 
about the various countries lie is considering, 



62 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

the more chance he has of avoiding error. In- 
quiries addressed to the Department of Com- 
merce, Washington, D. C, or to the Consul- 
Generals of the different countries, or even the 
Consuls, will often result in the production of 
valuable information. The handbooks on for- 
eign patents issued by a few of the leading 
patent attorneys are also helpful and contain 
up-to-date information. 

THE VALUE OF NEWSPAPER 
NOTORIETY 

Some well-known inventors have acquired the 
art of interesting the newspapers in their in- 
ventions to the extent of getting an enormous 
amount of free advertising. An invention pos- 
sessing sufficient novelty to form an item of 
interest for the newspapers is pretty certain to 
bring large returns. Such items attract the 
notice of capitalists and put the invention at 
once in a favorable position before the public. 
By following the advice given on another page 
as to the exhibition of an invention, the inventor 
will experience no difficulty in gaining the at- 
tention of the press, providing his invention 
possesses merit. The newspapers want news 
of all sorts and readers ax*e usually interested 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 63 

in inventions, so that when an invention gets 
into the newspapers it is thoroughly adver- 
tised all over the country. It is thus brought 
to the notice of a large number of people, some 
of whom are likely to want it. If the invention 
is of such a character as to strike newspaper 
men unfavorably, the advertising columns may 
be resorted to. Often an advertisement in a 
scientific or technical paper of good standing 
brings about the desired result. In choosing a 
paper in which to advertise it is advisable to 
select a paper which is in some way related to 
the industry to which the patent appertains. 
The judicious wording of an advertisement of 
this kind has much to do with its effectiveness. 
The statements should be assuring and at the 
same time truthful. Any deception in an ad- 
vertisement is sure to work harm. If the in- 
vention will not stand honest treatment, it is 
useless to waste time and money upon it. 

A TALE WITH A MORAL 

A short time since, while the writer was 
lunching in one of the restaurants of New York 
City, two gentlemen occupying seats on the 
opposite side of the table entered into a conver- 
sation in regard to inventions and patents. 



64 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

Both appeared to be manufacturers in the same 
line. One had been for some time trying to 
purchase a patent of an inventor whom he sup- 
posed to be impecunious, but, for some reason, 
not given, the inventor was able to resist the 
offers of the manufacturer. The other party 
described a visit of the same inventor to his 
manufactory. He said that he entertained him 
for several days, and during the time, by care- 
ful questioning, learned that the inventor was in 
sore need of money. He therefore made a 
series of propositions which he said ended in 
the purchase of an invention worth thousands 
of dollars for the meagre sum of $500. 

This incident serves to show how willing 
many capitalists are to take advantage of in- 
ventors who are in straitened circumstances. 

The moral of this story would seem to be this : 
— if you have an invention to sell, never let it 
be known that you are in want. 

ANOTHER TALE, SAME MORAL 

Aisr inventor, an acquaintance of the writer, 
produced an invention in which there were enor- 
mous possibilities, but no show of immediate 
value. He was approached by wealthy and in- 
fluential friends and was sounded as to his finan- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 65 

cial condition in every imaginable way, as in 
the case just mentioned, but his circumstances 
were such that he was able to live in comfort- 
able style, and, moreover, he had the ability of 
keeping his mouth shut. He manifested no im- 
patience, seemed to be in no hurry whatever in 
regard to the sale of his patent, and to all ap- 
pearance was totally indifferent as to whether 
it would ever be disposed of. The invention 
was of such a nature as would allow of its being 
shown in a private dwelling. Our inventor, 
therefore, though already living in a well-fur- 
nished house, purchased new furniture and fit- 
tings, arranged his invention for exhibition, and 
in due season invited in the capitalists. The 
house presented evidence of prosperity and 
even of independence. It therefore became 
evident from this and other indications that the 
inventor was in no condition to be " squeezed." 
They therefore devoted their entire attention 
during the evening to the examination of the 
invention, and upon the day following the sale 
of the patent was made, and a handsome sum 
was realized by the inventor. 

TERRITORIAL GRANTS 

Isr years past a great deal of money lias been 



66 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



made by selling town, county, and State rights 
for the manufacture of certain patented arti- 
cles. This is a legitimate way of realizing from 
a patent, providing the article is of value and 
is properly protected; but these territorial 
sales havp been conducted in such a manner 
as to bring the whole system of selling patent 
rights into disrepute, so that it is at present 
a difficult matter to sell a patent in this way. 
Occasionally, however, a meritorious thing may 
be thus disposed of to great advantage. 

In selling Territorial rights it is a mistake to 
begin with small places with the idea of work- 
ing the business up and effecting larger sales 
on the basis of the smaller ones. The place to 
begin the sale of Territorial rights is in the large 
cities, for here is where the capital is concen- 
trated, and it is a well-known fact that in New 
York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Cincin- 
nati, St. Louis, and other larger cities, millions 
of capital are w r aiting for paying investment. 
An entire patent for a good thing may be sold 
in any one of these large cities. 

It is possible that the sum realized from the 
sale of the entire patent to one party may not 
be quite as great as could be realized by can- 
vassing the entire country, but the time and 
money expended in such a canvass will con- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 6? 

siime much of the profits, and beside this there 
is another objection to disposing of the rights 
piecemeal ; that is, in the time elapsing between 
the beginning of the business and the finish, 
some inventor, receiving a suggestion from the 
invention being sold, may take ont a patent for 
a different device for the same purpose and so 
defeat the original inventor. This has fre- 
quently happened. Therefore it is advisable to 
dispose of a patent as soon as possible after 
its issue. If the device is of such a nature that 
it cannot be sold in this way, i. e., in its entirety, 
it is nevertheless advisable to begin in the larger 
places and work toward the smaller ones, for, 
after having made a large sale it is compara- 
tively easy to sell the remnants of the territory. 
As to the details of the business of selling lit- 
tle can be said because the procedure will be 
different in each case. In general, however, we 
may say as before, that the inventor must put 
the invention in the best possible shape. He 
must exhibit it under the most favorable cir- 
cumstances. The surroundings must not indi- 
cate any lack of means. The inventor himself, 
or his agent, or both, must have a business-like 
appearance. They must be able to promptly 
reject offers that are too low, but must be ready 
to promptly accept offers that are reasonable. 



68 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

Fortunes have been lost to inventors by refus- 
ing to accept an amount which, although not 
equal to the estimated value of the invention, 
might be considered as a very fair price. 

After disposing of the more valuable portions 
of the territory, the inventor should proceed to 
the sale of the balance and continue until he 
arrives at the point where sales cease to be 
profitable. 

THE VALUE OF PATENTS 

Naturally the inventor is not so anxious 
about how much his invention will advance civ- 
ilization, or build up the nation, or administer 
to the wants and pleasures of mankind gener- 
ally, as he is about how much it will net him 
in dollars and cents ; but he must not forget that 
chance of profit is in proportion to the actual 
usefulness of an invention, and its adaptability 
to some great want felt by every one. And it 
matters little whether the inventor intends 
himself to deal with the public, or to deal with 
a man, or set of men, who are afterward to deal 
with the public — the conditions are the same. 

Now let the inventor consider himself a dis- 
interested party, a referee, if you please. Let 
him look upon his own invention as that of an- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 69 

other. If he honestly concludes that it would 
be desirable to himself and others, then he 
should have great confidence in the merit of his 
invention, and he should be able to make a fair 
estimate of the actual value of it. 

There are 100,000,000 people in the United 
States. It is probable that no invention ever 
has been, or ever will be made which will reach 
half of these people, but it is possible that a 
patent on some food product or article of wear- 
ing apparel may put fifteen to twenty-five 
million under tribute to the inventor. If only 
one sale could be made to each of this great 
number of people, and if only one cent were 
realized from each sale, the inventor would 
make the handsome profit of $150,000 to $250,- 
000. But suppose the article to be subject to 
regular consumption, so that each person would 
naturally purchase the article ten times per 
year; the profits would thus become $1,500,000 
to $2,500,000 per year. This calculation, al- 
though within the range of possibilities, is 
extravagant. Take the other extreme, a profit 
of 1 mill per head on one-quarter of the inhab- 
itants of this country would yield a total profit 
to the inventor of $25,000. 

The inventor must in some way determine 
whether his invention is one that is likely to be 



7 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

wanted by a quarter of the people of the United 

States or more, or less. This is a difficult ques- 
tion to settle. Everything depends upon the 
manner in which the invention is placed before 
the public, some men have the faculty of pre- 
senting an article in such a way as to make it 
seem indispensable to everyone, while others 
will create the opposite impression. If a pat- 
ented article is of such a nature as to admit of 
manufacturing it on a small scale, one of the 
best methods of arriving at its value is to manu- 
facture a limited quantity of the article, and try 
the experiment of introducing it in a small ter- 
ritory, say in a city, town, or county, taking 
great care to select a man who is capable of 
carrying forward the business in a business- 
like manner. 

INVENTION AS AN ART 

To the popular mind the inventor, like the 
poet, is born, not made. Genius, it is thought, 
independent of education or practice, is its sole 
prerequisite. In some mysterious way Nature 
endows some men with power to conceive and 
produce new things and processes, which the 
world consciously or unconsciously needs, but, 
in the absence of the inventor's genius, is un- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL Ji , 

able to get. "Without a born capacity to invent, 
invention is deemed impossible, and rightly 
enough; but — herein arises the popular error 
—it is assumed that the faculty of original crea- 
tion is a rare one, possessed by few, and not to 
be attained by others, however earnestly they 
may strive for it. On the contrary, the faculty 
is one common to the majority of men, more or 
less, and always ready to be made more under 
favorable conditions. 

The singers in any community are relatively 
few; yet the most experienced teachers of mu- 
sic who have had much to do in teaching music 
to large and unselected classes, unite in assert- 
ing that all men can learn to sing if they want 
to, and most men to sing fairly well. 

It is much the same with invention. The 
innate capacity is common; its practical and 
profitable development is much less common, 
for the reason that comparatively few try to 
develop it, the multitude believing that the 
fundamental ' ' gift ' ' is not theirs. Accordingly, 
it is only by accident, or through the stress of 
special circumstances, that most inventors dis- 
cover that there is any chance for them in that 
field of productive effort. Once enlisted in the 
work, successfully or unsuccessfully, they are 
pretty sure to discover that invention is an art 



J2 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

which must, for the most part, be mastered as 
other arts are, by diligent study and patient 
effort. Unlike other arts, however, its boun- 
daries are not limited to any one field of thought 
or knowledge or action, but are in every direc- 
tion limitless, though practically bordered on 
the hither side by what men have already dis- 
covered and done. 

Practically bordered ; for while the reproduc- 
tion of an old device may, from the inventor's 
standpoint, be as perfect an act of invention as 
the newest and most original invention might 
be, the field for profitable invention lies mainly 
in regions new and unexplored. An invention 
must be novel to be patentable ; and, except for 
practice, it is only patentable inventions that 
are worth making. Knowledge, therefore, spe- 
cific, positive, and comprehensive knowledge, of 
what has been done in the field in which the 
inventor's work is to be done, and a clear ap- 
prehension of something that remains to be 
done, are important elements in the successful 
inventor's outfit. The wider his range of such 
knowledge, the more numerous his opportunities 
to invent must naturally be, provided the man- 
ner in which his knowledge has been gained has 
not unfitted him for independent thought and 
action. A man may load himself with so many 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 73 

tools that he cannot work with any of them. In 
like manner overmuch learning may spoil a 
man for doing. The pack mule of an explorer's 
train is not likely to make many novel observa- 
tions or discoveries. 

To succeed in the art of invention it is com- 
monly the rule that a habit of inventing must 
go hand in hand with observation and study. 
Sometimes a lucky hit may be made by an in- 
experienced inventor, just as men ignorant of 
minerals have stumbled on valuable mines. 
Nevertheless, the man who has trained himself 
to invent, and is in the habit of regarding every 
new fact or experience from the standpoint of 
its possible utility as a basis for invention, will 
excel the untrained inventor as surely, in the 
long run, as the practiced prospector will the 
unintelligent and inexperienced "tenderfoot." 
And the case in favor of the practiced inventor 
is even stronger, for the ability to recognize 
the need of an invention, though of primary 
importance, is less important than the ability 
to see how the need may be supplied and demon- 
strate the solution of the problem by doing it. 

"Practice, practice, practice," said Demos- 
thenes, is the first requisite for success in ora- 
tory. Equally is it necessary for sure success 
in invention, It does not follow that the would* 



74 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



be orator must get his practice wholly in the 
forum ; no more need the inventor get his prac- 
tice in absolutely new inventions. The numer- 
ous preliminary failures which have led up to 
the great success of many greatly successful 
inventors, while they emphasize the need of 
practice in this art, quite as clearly indicate the 
wisdom of not confining practice to what prom- 
ises to be patentable. The work of the novice in 
invention may be, frequently is, valuable in it- 
self ; but if large success in the art is aimed at, 
it will not pay to suspend practice for the lack 
of novelties to work on. The resolution of old 
problems affords excellent and useful practice 
for the beginner, who may find a ready test for 
the value of his work by comparing its results 
*>vith those exhibited in the perfected inventions 
of more practiced minds; and the habit thus 
gained of independently rebuilding and critic- 
ally examining existing inventions will furnish 
admirable training for original work in fields 
entirely new. 

The time may come when a systematic train- 
ing in the art of invention, with practice in re- 
inventing machines of greater or less complex- 
ity and the standard devices and movements of 
practical mechanics, will form a part of every 
first-rate machinist's education; and similarly 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 75 

in other departments of productive industry. 
But until then those who wish to fit themselves 
for the cultivation of this most inviting and 
profitable art, the art of invention, must be 
their own guides. 

Not the least advantage in purposely rein- 
venting for the sake of practice comes from the 
circumstance that such practice-work cannot 
lead to loss or disappointment, while it cannot 
fail to lead the student to a practical working 
knowledge of the materials and methods em^ 
ployed by the most successful inventors. 

Such self-training is sure to pay. Much as 
our inventors have already accomplished, the 
art of invention, as an art, is yet in its infancy ; 
and it is safe to say that the prizes offered for 
its successful cultivation in the future are 
vastly greater and more numerous than those 
it has awarded to its votaries in the past. — 
Scientific American. 

THE INVENTOR AND THE PROMOTER 

To make money out of a patent it is necessary 
in the first place, as already observed, to have 
an invention that possesses real merit and is 
in demand, or for which a demand may be cre- 
ated. In the second place, the inventor must 



76 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

have a patent that thoroughly protects his in- 
vention; in the third place, he must have the 
means of bringing his invention to public notice 
in such a manner as to create favorable im- 
pressions. Explanations and arguments are of 
little use in impressing upon the minds of cap- 
italists the value of an invention. They will 
either judge of the matter themselves, or they 
will employ experts to examine it, and it can- 
not be denied that in either case the invention 
will suffer a cold-blooded examination which 
will not at all accord with the hopes and ex- 
pectations of the inventor. 

If, however, upon examination, the invention 
is adjudged to have real worth and is a genuine 
thing, it will finally be appreciated, when the 
business negotiations will begin. If, at this 
point, the inventor has little business ability the 
moneyed men will have him at a disadvantage, 
for he must be able to show-in the plainest way 
wherein the profits of the invention lie, while, 
on the other hand, the parties will endeavor to 
show him that the expenses of perfecting and 
bringing forward such an invention will be so 
great as to warrant only a small outlay for the 
patent. 

The inventor must have a due appreciation of 
the value of his invention. He certainly will 



INVENTORS MANUAL yy 

not underestimate it, he is liable to overrate it. 
In any case he must be liberal in his arrange- 
ment with men who are willing to establish a 
business on the basis of his patent. He will find 
that promoters will require a quarter or a half 
interest in his invention for their services. 

It is usually impossible for an inventor to 
attend to these details of business. It is gen- 
erally entirely foreign to hia taste and inclina- 
tion, and he frequently lacks the business educa- 
tion which will enable him to hold his own 
against such men as are engaged in forming 
companies and promoting inventions in various 
ways. He therefore should employ a lawyer, if 
possible of his own acquaintance, who will con- 
duct his part of the business for a small portion 
of his interest in the invention. A company 
will be organized, and a certain portion of the 
stock will be issued to the inventor for his in- 
vention, a part of which he may sell, but a por- 
tion of which he must retain to show his own 
confidence in the business. It is better, how- 
ever, for the inventor to take payment for his 
invention partly in stock and partly in cash. An 
inventor's stock is full paid and non-assessable. 
The stock which goes to the treasury of the 
company is sold to create a working capital. 
The direction of the business will probably be 



7 g INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

taken out of the hands of the inventor and the 
control will lie in the Board of Directors of the 
company. As a rule it is better that the in- 
ventor should not take an active part in the 
management of the company's affairs, for his 
views are apt to be biassed; he should confine 
himself to the domain of invention. If the busi- 
ness is successful, he will find enough to engage 
his inventive abilities without undertaking the 
duties that belong to the foreman, superintend- 
ent, manager, treasurer, or secretary. If the 
company is provided with ample capital, and 
if the business manager is a competent man, 
there is little chance of failure if the invention 
has real merit. 



A Knowledge of Occupations 
Is Useful to Inventors 

Census of 1910 



8o 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



\ 



PROPORTION OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN EACH GENERAL DIVISION OP OCCUPATIONS, BY STATES: 1910. 



MISSISSIPPI 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
ARKANSAS 
ALABAMA 
NORTH CAROLINA 
GEORGIA 

north Dakota" 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 

60UTH DAKOTA~ 

NEW MEXICO 

TENNESSEK 

KENTUCKY 

LOUISIANA' 

NEBRASKA 

VIRGINIA 

IDAHO 



FLORIDA 
IOWA 

WEST VIRGINIA 
MISSOURI 
VERMONT 
MINNESOTA 
WISCONSIN 
WYOMINO 
INDIANA 
MONTANA 
'MICHIGAN 
OREGON 
UTAH 
OELAWARE 
MAINE 
ARIZONA 
COLORADO 
WASHINGTON 

MARYLAND 



ILLINOIS 
NEVADA 
NEW HAMPSHIRe_ 




CONNECTICUT 
NEW YORK 
NEW JERSEY 
RHODE ISLAND 
MASSACHUSETTS 
OI3T OF COLUMBIA 



:. uses 




::. v. :.■• ■: r: ::.::::: '; ■ :--.v ■ . r; ::-~~ \ 



zm®sssss&& •:.-..: ::■'::.:. .. . . . . ^■wra/v.irws^ 



i^^\\ra^w????iTM t nTfffwirw ; tv ^ ,- rvygggggyzze 



U77\ AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY, AND ANIMAL HUSBANORY gggg EXTRACTION OF MINERALS 

Eg§3 MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES 88 BC TRANSPORTATION 

&5S3 TRADE I I PUBLIC SERVICE (NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED) 

fy*y) PROFESSIONAL 6ERVICE ^^ CLERICAL OCCUPATION* 

gyg DOMESTIC ANO PERSONAL 6ERVIC6 



A KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONS 
IS USEFUL TO INVENTORS 

N. O. S. means Not Otherwise Specified 



CENSUS OF 1910 



OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 
Population 10 years of 

age and over 71,580,270 37,027,558 34,552,712 

All occupations 38,167,336 30,091,564 8,075,772 

Agriculture, forestry, and 

animal husbandry .... 12,659,203 10,851,702 1,807,501 

Dairy farmers 61,816 59,240 2,576 

Dairy farm laborers ..... 35,014 32,237 2,777 

Farmers 5,865,003 5,607,297 257,706 

Farm laborers 5,975,057 4,460,634 1,5*4,423 

Farm laborers (home 
farm) 3,310,534 2,133,949 1,176,585 

Farm laborers (work- 
ing out) 2,636,966 2,299,444 337,522 

Turpentine farm labor- 
ers 27,557 27,241 316 

Farm, dairy farm, garden, 
orchard, etc., foremen... 47,591 39,826 7,765 

Dairy farm foremen.. 1,086 1,001 85 

Farm foremen 42,420 34,915 7,505 

Garden and green- 
house foremen...... 1,311 1,223 88 

Orchard, nursery, etc., 
foremen 2,774 2,687 87 

Fishermen and oystermen 68,275 67,799 476 
Foresters 4,332 4,332 

Gardeners, florists, fruit 
growers, and nurserymen 139,255 131,421 7,834 

Florists 9,023 7,977 1,051 

Fruit growers and 

nurserymen 46,541 44,i86 2,355 

81 



82 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Agriculture, forestry and 
animal husbandry 

Gardeners 79,894 75,48i 4,4*3 

Landscape gardeners.. 3,792 3,777 l 5 

Garden, greenhouse, or- 
chard, and nursery labor- 
ers 133,927 126,453 7,474 

Cranberry bog labor- 
ers 1,384 1,316 68 

Garden laborers 81,314 76,372 4,942 

Greenhouse laborers.. 17,757 16,796 961 

Orchard and nursery 
laborers 33A72 31,969 i,5°3 

Lumbermen, raftsmen, and 

woodchoppers 161,268 161,191 77 

Foremen and overseers.. 4,798 4,798 

Lumbermen and rafts- 
men 114,036 113,999 37 

Teamsters and haulers 15,038 15,038 

Woodchoppers and tie 
cutters 27,396 27,356 40 

Owners and managers of 

log and timber camps... 7,931 7,927 4 

Stock herders, drovers, and 

feeders . 62,975 62,090 885 

Stock raisers 52,521 50,847 1,674 

Other agricultural and ani- 
mal husbandry pursuits.. 44,238 40,408 3,830 

Apiarists 2,145 2,020 12)5 

Corn shelters, hay bail- 
ers, grain threshers, 
etc 5,617 5,617 

Ditchers 15,198 15,198 

Poultry raisers and 
poultry yard laborers 15,384 u f 777 3,607 

Other and not specified 
pursuits 5,894 5,796 98 

Extraction of minerals. . . 964,824 963,730 1,094 

Foremen, overseers, and in- 
spectors 23,338 23,328 10 

Foremen and overseers 22,142 22,133 9 

Inspectors 1,196 1,195 I 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 83 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Extraction of Minerals 

Operators, officials, and 

managers 25,234 25,127 107 

Managers 9,798 9,786 12 

Officials 1,149 1,140 9 

Operators 14,287 14,201 86 

Coal mine operatives 613,924 613,519 405 

Copper mine operatives ... . 39,270 39,251 19 
Gold and silver mine oper- 
atives 55,436 55,397 39 

Iron mine operatives 49,603 49,564 39 

Operatives in other and not 

specified mines 47,252 47,169 83 

Lead and zinc mine op- 
eratives 19,486 19,471 15 

All other mine opera- 
fives 27,766 27,698 68 

Quarry operatives 80,840 80,795 45 

Oil, gas, and salt well op- 
eratives 29,927 29,580 347 

Oil and gas well opera- 
tives 25,562 25,548 14 

Salt well and work op- 
eratives 4,365 4,032 333 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries — 10,658,881 8,837,901 1,820,980 

Apprentices ^ ^ 1 18,964 103,369 15,595 

Apprentices to building 

and hand trades... v 28,031 27,999 32 

Dressmakers' and milli- 
ners' apprentices ... . 12,011 31 11,980 

Other apprentices 78,922 75,339 3,583 

Bakers 89,531 84,752 4,779 

Blacksmiths, forgemen, and 

hammermen 240,519 240,488 31 

Blacksmiths 232,988 232,957 31 

Forgemen, hammermen 
and welders 7,531 7,531 



84- INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 

Boiler makers 44,76i 44,761 

Brick and stone masons... 169,402 169,387 15 

Builders and building con- 
tractors 174,422 173,573 849 

Butchers and dressers 

(slaughterhouse) 16,351 16,349 2 

Cabinetmakers 41,892 41,884 8 

Carpenters 817,120 817,082 38 

Compositors, linotypers, and 

typesetters 127,589 1 13,538 14,051 

Coopers 25,299 25,292 7 

Dressmakers and seam- 
stresses (not in factory) 449,342 1,582 447,760 

Dyers 14,050 13,396 654 

Electricians and electrical 

engineers 135,5*9 135,427 92 

Electrotypers, stereotypers, 

and lithographers 12,506 11,929 577 

Electrotypers and ster- 
eotypers 4,368 4,268 100 

Lithographers 8,138 7,661 477 

Engineers (mechanical) .. .14,514 14,514 

Engineers (stationary) ... 231,041 231,031 10 

Engravers 13,967 13,429 538 

Filers, grinders, buffers, and 

polishers (metal) 49,525 46,679 2,846 

Buffers and polishers.. 30,496 28,191 2,305 

Filers 10,236 10,069 167 

Grinders 8,793 8,419 374 

Firemen (except locomotive 

and fire department)... 111,248 111,248 

Foremen and overseers 

(manufacturing) 175,098 155,358 19,740 

Furnacemen, smeltermen, 

heaters, pourers, etc 36,251 36,226 25 

Furnacemen and smel- 
termen 19,735 19,719 16 

Heaters 10,120 10,111 9 

Ladlers and pourers . . . 679 679 

Puddlers ? 5,717 5*7*7 ••••.*:•*. 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 85 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 
Glass blowers 15,564 15,474 90 

Jewelers, watchmakers, 
goldsmiths, and silver- 
smiths 32,574 30,037 2,537 

Goldsmiths and silver- 
smiths 5,757 5,553 204 

Jewelers and lapidaries 

(factory) 10,631 8,783 1,848 

Jewelers and watch- 
makers (not in fac- 
tory) 16,186 15,701 485 

Laborers (n. o. s.) : 

Building and hand 

trades 934,909 919,031 15,878 

General and not 
specified labor- 
ers 869,478 853,679 15,799 

Helpers in building 
and hand trades 65,431 65,352 79 

Chemical industries ... 41,741 39,7* 1 2,030 

Fertilizer factories 9,847 9,757 90 

Paint factories^ ... 2,959 2,842 117 
Powder, cartridge, 
fireworks, etc., 

factories > 4,277 3,947 330 

Other chemical fac- 
tories 24,658 23,165 1,493 

Clay, glass, and stone 

industries 154,826 152,438 2,388 

Brick, tile, and ter- 
ra cotta factories 77,954 77,333 621 

Glass factories . . . 24,634 23,686 948 

Lime, cement, and 
gypsum factories 36,083 35,931 152 

Marble and stone 
yards 6,915 6,847 68 

Potteries 9,240 8,641 599 

Iron and steel indus- 
tries 482,941 476,801 6,140 

Automobile facto- 
ries 15,783 15,644 139 

Blast furnaces and 

rolling mills 202,392 201,030 1,362 



86 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 

Car and railroad 
shops 48,342 48,114 228 

Wagon and _ car- 
riage factories . . 12,391 12,232 159 

Other iron and 
steel works 204,033 199,781 4,252 

Other metal industries 44,773 42,134 2,639 

Brass mills 10,885 10,606 279 

Copper factories .. 11,586 n,532 54 
Lead and zinc fac- 
tories 7,945 7,871 74 

Tinware and enam- 

elware factories. 7,587 6,709 878 
Other metal facto- 
ries 6,770 5,4i6 1,354 

Lumber and furniture 

industries . 317,244 313,228 4,016 

Furniture, piano, 
and organ facto- 
ries 28,077 27,188 889 

Saw and planing 

mills 260,142 258,361 1,781 

Other woodwork- 
ing factories . . . 29,025 27,679 1,346 

Textile industries 87,146 71,107 16,039 

Cotton mills 37,804 32,037 5,767 

Silk mills 3,798 2,686 1,112 

Woolen and wors- 
ted mills 12,290 10,245 2,045 

Other textile mills 33,254 26,139 7,115 

Other industries .... 426,126 386,897 39,229 

Charcoal and coke 

works 11,446 11,431 15 

Cigar and tobacco 

factories 16,392 11,436 4.956 

Clothing industries 10,240 5,424 4,816 

Electric light and 

power plants ... 8,176 8,011 165 

Electrical supply 

factories . ; n,434 10,053 1,381 

Food industries — 

Bakeries 4,510 3,755 755 

Butter and cheese 
factories 4,816 4,688 128 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 87 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 
Fish curing and 

packing . . 4,870 4,637 233 

Flour and grain 

mills 9,243 9,152 91 

Fruit and vege- 
table canning, 

etc 4,670 3,683 987 

Slaughter and 

packing houses 33,903 32,471 1,432 

Sugar factories 

and refineries. 8,755 8,647 108 
Other food fac- 
tories 11,248 8,658 2,590 

Gas works i6,549 16,534 15 

Liquor and bever- 
age industries .. 18,857 18,294 563 

Oil refineries 11,215 11,151 64 

Paper and pulp 

mills 31,388 29,959 1,429 

Printing and pub- 
lishing 7,041 5,217 1,824 

Rubber factories . 13,546 12,224 1,322 

Shoe factories .... 10,277 7,952 2,325 

Tanneries 20,798 20,491 307 

Turpentine distil- 
leries 6,405 6,354 51 

Other factories ... 150,347 136,675 13,672 

Loom fixers 13,254 13,254 

Machinists, millwrights, and 

tool makers 488,049 487,956 93 

Machinists and mill- 
wrights 478,786 478,713 73 

Tool makers and die 
setters and sinkers.. 9,263 9,243 20 

Managers and superintend- 
ents (manufacturing) .. 104,210 102,748 1,462 

Manufacturers and officials 256,591 251,892 4.600 

Manufacturers 235,107 230,809 4,298 

Officials 21,484 21,083 401 

Mechanics (n. o. s.) 34,787 34,745 42 



88 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 
Gunsmiths, . locksmiths, 

and bellhangers 3,251 3,248 3 

Wheelrights 3,732 3,732 

Other mechanics 27,804 27,765 39 

Millers (grain, flour, feed, 
etc.) 23,152 23,093 59 

Milliners and millinery deal- 
ers 127,906 5,459 122,447 

Molders, founders, and 

casters (metal) 120,900 120,783 117 

Brass molders, found- 
ers, and casters .... 6,512 6,509 3 
Iron molders, found- 
ers, and casters 112,122 112,070 52 

Other molders, found- 
ers, and casters .... 2,266 2,204 62 

Oilers of machinery 14,013 13,990 23 

Painters, glaziers, varnish- 

ers, enamelers, etc 337,355 334,8i4 2 ,54* 

Enamelers, lacquerers, 

and japanners 2,999 1,968 1,031 

Painters, glaziers, and 
varnishers (build- 

ing) 273,441 273,060 381 

Painters, glaziers, and 
varnishers (factory) 60,915 59,786 1,129 

Paper hangers 25,577 24,780 797 

Pattern and model makers 23,559 23,006 553 

Plasterers 47,682 47,676 6 

Plumbers and gas and 

steam fitters 148,304 148,304 

Pressmen (printing) 20,084 19,892 192 

Rollers and roll hands 

(metal) 18,407 18,384 23 

Roofers and slaters 14,078 14,078 . . . . 

Sawyers 43,276 43,257 19 

Semiskilled operatives (n. 
o. s.) : 

Chemical industries .. 30,705 17,158 13,547 > 

Paint factories 3,920 3,292 628 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



89 



OCCUPATIONS Total 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 
Semiskilled operatives 
(n. o. s.): 
Powder, cartridge, 
fireworks, etc., fac- 
tories 5,263 

Other chemical fac- 
tories 21,522 

Cigar and tobacco fac- 
tories I5i,5i9 

Clay, glass, and stone 

industries 88,628 

Brick, tile, and terra- 
cotta factories 13,407 

Glass factories 41,877 

Lime, cement, # and 
gypsum factories . . 8,546 

Marble and stone 
yards 8,539 

Potteries 16,259 

Clothing industries . . . 144,607 

Hat factories (felt) 26,575 
Suit, coat, cloak, and 

overall factories... 54,211 
Other clothing facto- 
ries 63,821 

Food industries 88,834 

Bakeries , . . 8,938 

Butter and cheese 

factories 11,598 

Candy factories .... 30,943 

Flour and grain mills 3,992 

Fruit and vegetable 

canning, etc 5,290 

Slaughter and pack- 
ing houses 9,448 

Other food factories 18,625 

Harness and saddle in- 
dustries 22,650 

Iron and steel indus- 

dustries 368,313 

Automobile factories 20,902 



Male Female 



2,858 
11,008 

79,947 
79,167 



21,958 



345,271 
20,222 



2,405 
10,514 

71,572 
9,46l 



12,649 
37,927 


758 
3,950 


8,417 


129 


8,389 
11,785 


150 
4,474 


95,715 

22,377 


48,892 
4,198 


44,878 


9,333 


28,460 


35,36i 


52,312 
3,008 


36,522 
5,930 


11,065 

13,608 

3,750 


533 

17,335 

242 


2,127 


3,163 


7,121 
11,633 


2,327 

6,992 



602 



23.04-' 
68p 



90 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 
Semiskilled operatives 
(n. o. s.): 
Blast furnaces and 

rolling mills < 70,130 67,746 2,384 

Car and railroad 

shops 47,684 47,405 279 

Wagon and carriage 

factories 22,178 21,236 942 

Other iron and steel 
works 207419 188,662 18,757 

Other metal industries 69,750 48,904 20,846 

Brass mills 16,885 14,350 2,535 

Clock and watch fac- 
tories . . . . 15,628 9,252 6,376 

Gold and silver and 
jewelry factories.. 16,651 10,474 6,177 

Lead and zinc facto- 
ries 1,864 1,601 263 

Tinware and enamel- 
ware factories ..... 10,611 6,674 3.937 

Other metals facto- 
ries 8,111 6,553 1,558 

Liquor and beverage in- 
dustries 31,503 29,664 1,839 

Breweries 21,830 21,250 580 

Distilleries 3,444 2,648 796 

Other liquor and bev- 
erage factories . . . 6,229 5,766 463 

Lumber and furniture 

industries ( 167,490 154,292 13,198 

Furniture, piano, and 

organ factories . . . 62,812 58,304 4,508 

Saw and planing mills 66,060 63,684 2,376 

factories 38,618 32,304 6,314 

Paper and pulp mills.. 36,383 25,803 10,580 

Printing and publishing 67,469 32,808 34,66i 

Shoe factories 181,010 121,744 59,266 

Tanneries .... 33,553 31,713 1,840 

Textile industries — 
Beamers, warpers, 

and slashers .... 16,693 9,612 7,081 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



91 



OCCUPATIONS 


Total 


Male 


Female 


Manufacturing and me- 








chanical industries 








Semiskilled operatives 








(n. O. S.); 








Cotton ^ mills 


7,693 


4,855 


2,838 


Silk mills 


4,628 


1,408 


3,220 


Woollen and wors- 








ted mills 


2,570 


2,059 


5ii 


Other textile mills 


1,802 


1,290 


512 


Bobbin boys, doffers, 








and carriers 


22,514 


17,622 


4,892 


Cotton mills 


16,798 


14,398 


2,400 


Silk mills 


^17 


320 


297 


Woollen and wors- 








ted mills ... 


2,899 


1,824 


1,075 


Other textile mills 


2,200 


1,080 


1,120 


Carders, combers, 








and lappers 


23,956 


18,050 


5,9o6 


Cotton mills 


15,939 


11,729 


4,210 


Silk mills 


143 


60 


83 


Woollen and wors- 








ted mills 


5,358 


4,447 


911 


Other textile mills 


2,516 


1,814 


702 


Drawers, rovers, and 








twisters 


29,995 


12,480 


17,515 


Cotton mills 


19,472 


9,535 


9,937 


Silk mills 


3,825 


1,472 


2,353 


Woollen and wors- 








sted mills 


4,465 


866 


3,599 


Other textile mills 


2,233 


607 


1,626 


Spinners 


74,059 
48,025 


27,7^3 
15,874 


46,276 
32,151 


Cotton mills 


Silk mills 


3,443 


1,046 


2,397 


Woollen and wors- 








ted mills ....... 


13,387 


6,997 


6,300 


Other textile mills 


9,204 


3,866 


5,338 


Weavers 


203,718 


104,284 


99,434 

43.011 


Cotton mills 


92,840 


48,929 


Silk mills 


36,171 


i8,435 


17.736 


Woollen and wors- 








ted mills 


31,857 


17,107 


14,660 


Other textile mills 


42,850 


19,723 


23,127 



92 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



OCCUPATIONS Total 
Manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries 
Semiskilled operatives 
(n. o. s.): 
Winders, reelers, and 

spoolers 64,333 

Cotton mills 27,509 

Silk mills 16,126 

Woollen and wors- 
ted mills 7,543 

Other textile mills I3J55 

Other occupations . . 214,992 

Cotton mills 50,349 

Silk mills 13,820 

Woollen and wors- 
ted mills 30,891 

Other textile mills 119,932 

Other industries . . . 308,861 
Electrical supply 

factories 24,677 

Paper box facto- 
ries ... 17,887 

Rubber factories . . 30,283 

Other factories . . 236,014 

Sewers and sewing ma- 
chine operators (factory) 291,209 
Shoemakers and cobblers 

(not in factory) 69,570 

Skilled occupations (n.o.s.) 16,808 
Annealers and temper- 

ers (metal) 1,901 

Piano and organ tuners 6,633 

Wood sarvers 5,368 

Other skilled occupa- 
tions 2,906 

Stonecutters 35,731 

Structural iron workers 

(building) 11,427 

Tailors and tailoresses . . . 204,608 

Tinsmiths and coppersmiths 59,833 

Coppersmiths 3,4io 

Tinsmiths 56,423 

Upholsterers 20,221 



Male Female 



7,270 

3,226 

1,222 


57,063 
24,283 
14,904 


932 

1,890 


6,611 
11,265 


101,120 
30,625 

4,995 


113,872 

19,724 

8,825 


18,601 
46,899 


12,290 
73,033 


191,925 


116,936 


13,636 


11,041 


4,859 

20,814 

152,616 


13,028 

9,469 
83,398 


60,003 


231,206 


58,788 
16,560 


782 
248 


1,894 
6,528 
5,308 


7 

105 

60 


2,830 


76 


35,726 


5 


11,427 

163,795 

59,809 

3,4io 

56,399 


40,«i 3 
24 

24 


18,928 


1,293 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 93 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Transportation 2,637,671 2,531,075 106,596 

Water transportation (se- 
lected occupations) : 
Boatmen, canalmen, and 

lock keepers 5,304 5,289 15 

Captains, masters, 

mates, and pilots 24,242 24,242 

Longshoremen and 

stevedores 62,857 62,813 44 

Sailors and deck hands 46,510 46,498 12 



Road and street transporta- 
tion (selected occup'ns) : 



Carriage and hack 

drivers 35,376 35,339 37 

Chauffeurs 45,785 45,752 33 

Draymen, teamsters, 

and expressmen 408,469 408,396 73 

Foremen of livery and 

transfer companies . . 6,606 6,606 

Garage keepers and 

managers 5,279 5,256 23 

Hostlers and stable 

hands 63,388 63,382 6 

Livery-stable keepers 

and managers ...... 34,795 34,6i2 183 



unu iiiaiiGgvi 3 ..... 1 

Proprietors and mana- 
gers of transfer com 



panies 15,598 15,368 230 



Railroad transportation 
(selected occupations) : 
Baggagemen and freight 

agents 17,033 17,028 5 

Baggagemen 12,273 ^2,273 

Freight agents . . . 4,760 4,755 5 
Boiler washers and en- 
gine hostlers 10,409 10,409 

Brakemen 92,572 92,572 

Conductors (steam rail- 
road) 65,604 65,604 

Conductors (street 

railroad) 56,932 56,932 

Foremen and overseers §9,933 69,603 240 



94 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male 

Transportation 

Laborers . ... 570,975 567,522 

Steam railroad ... 543,168 539,920 

Street railroad . . . 27,807 27,602 

Locomotive engineers 96,229 96,229 

Locomotive firemen . . 76,381 76,381 

Motormen 59,005 59,005 

Officials and superin- 
tendents 22,238 22,236 

Steam railroad 19,805 19,803 

Street railroad 2,433 2,433 

Switchmen, flagmen, 

and yardmen 85,147 85,095 

Switchmen and 

flagmen (steam 

railroad) 73,419 73^7 

Switchmen and 

flagmen (street 

railroad) 2,153 2,153 

Yardmen (steam 

railroad) 9,575 9,575 

Ticket and station 
agents 24,138 22,930 

Express, post, telegraph, 
and telephone (selected 
occupations) : 
Agents (express com- 
panies) 5,875 5,804 

Express # messengers 
and railway mail 

clerks 22,021 22,018 

Express messen- 
gers 6,781 6,778 

Railway mail clerks 15,240 15,240 

Mail carriers 80,678 79 f 667 

Telegraph and tele- 
phone linemen 28,350 28,347 

Telegraph messengers. 9,152 9,074 

Telegraph operators .. 6^953 61,734 

Telephone operators f , 97,893 9,631 



Female 



3,453 

3,248 

205 



2 
2 



52 

52 



I,208 



71 



3 
3 

1,011 

3 

78 

8,219 

88,262 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 95 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Transportation 

Other transportation pur- 
suits : 
Foremen and overseers 

(n. o. s.) 14,738 14,333 405 

Road and street 
building and re- 
pairing 7,064 7,064 

- Telegraph and tele- 
phone companies 3,843 3,439 404 
Water transporta- 
tion 3,016 3,016 

Other transporta- 
tion 813 814 i 

Inspectors 33,237 32,962 275 

Steam railroad ... 27,661 27,525 136 
Street railroad ... 2,268 2,265 3 
Other transporta- 
tion 3,308 3,172 136 

Laborers (n. o. s.).... 221,437 221,176 261 

Road and street 
building and re- 
pairing 180,468 180,468 

Street cleaning . . . 9,946 9,946 

Other transporta- 
tion 31*023 30,76*2 261 

Proprietors, officials, 
and managers (n. o. 

s.) 14,839 

Telegraph and tele- 
phone companies 10,089 
Other transporta- 
tion 4,750 

Other occupations 

(semi-skilled) 38,693 

Steam railroad . . . 24,375 
Street railroad ... 5,187 
Other transporta- 
tion 9,131 

Trade 3,614,670 

Bankers, brokers, and 

money lenders 105,804 

Bankers and bank offi- 
cials f,,f,f •,*,*, ft 5 6 »°59 



13,411 


1,428 


8,680 


1,409 


4,731 


19 


37,729 

24,105 

5,147 


964 

270 

40 


8,477 


654 


3,146,582 


468,088 


103,170 


2,634 


54,387 


1,672 



96 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Trade: 

Commercial e brokers 

and commission men 24,009 23,690 319 

Loan brokers and loan 

company officials ... 2,111 1,989 122 

Pawnbrokers 1,232 1,191 41 

Stockbrokers 13729 13,522 207 

Brokers not specified 

and promoters 8,664 8,391 273 

Clerks in^ stores 387,183 275,589 m,594 

Commercial travelers 163,620 161,027 2,593 

Decorators, drapers and 
window dressers 5,34* 4,902 439 

Deliverymen 229,619 229,469 150 

Bakeries and laundries 24,030 24,012 18 

Stores 205,589 205,457 132 

Floorwalkers, foremen, and 

overseers 20,724 17,649 3,075 

Floorwalkers and fore- 
men in stores 17,946* 14,900 3,046 

Foremen warehouses, 
stockyards, etc 2,778 2,749 29 

Inspectors, gaugers, and 
samplers 13,446 11,685 1,761 

Insurance agents and offi- 
cials 97,964 95,302 2,662 

Insurance agents 88,463 85,926 2,537 

Officials of insurance 
companies 9,501 9,376 125 

Laborers in coal and lum- 
ber yards, warehouses, 

etc 81,123 80,450 673 

Coal yards 16,663 16,655 8 

Elevators 6,346 6,335 " 

Lumberyards 43,398 43,389 9 

Stockyards 5,998 5,991 7 

Warehouses 8,718 8,080 638 

Laborers, porters, and 

helpers in stores 102,333 98,169 4,164 

Newsboys _ 29,708 29,435 273 

Proprietors, officials, and 

managers (n. o. s.) 22,362 21,352 1,010 

Employment office 

keepers 2,260 1,540 720 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male 

Trade: 

Proprietors, etc., ele- 
vators 5,118 5,105 

Proprietors, etc., ware- 
houses 4,393 4,368 

Other proprietors, offi- 
cials, and managers 10,591 10,339 

Real estate agents and of- 
ficials 125,862 122,935 

Retail dealers 1,195,029 1,127,926 

Salesmen and saleswomen 921,130 663,410 

Auctioneers 3,990 3,985 

Demonstrators 4,380 1,250 

Sales agents 35,522 31,424 

Salesmen and sales- 
women (stores) .... 877,238 626,751 

Undertakers 20,734 19,921 

Wholesale dealers, import- 
porters, and exporters... 51,048 50,123 

Other pursuits (semi- 
skilled) 41,640 34,068 

Fruit graders and pack- 
ers 4,715 2,677 

Meat cutters 15,405 15,378 

Other occupations 21,520 16,013 

Public service (not else- 
where classified)... 459,291 445,733 

Firemen (fire department) 35,606 35,6o6 
Guards, watchmen, and 

doorkeepers 78,271 78,168 

Laborers (public service) . . 67,234 66,505 
Garbage men and scav- 
engers 4,227 4,227 

Other laborers 63,007 62,278 

Marshals, sheriffs, detec- 
tives, etc 23,599 23,219 

Detectives 6,349 6,162 

Marshals and con- 
stables 9,073 9,071 

Probation and truant 
officers 1,043 855 



97 
Female 

13 

25 

252 

2,927 
67,103 

257,720 

5 

3,130 

4,098 

250,487 

813 

925 

7,572 
2,038 

5,507 

13,558 



103 

729 



729 

380 
187 

2 
188 



98 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 
Public service: 

Sheriffs 7,134 7,i3i 3 

Officials and inspectors 

(city and county) 52,254 49,668 2,586 

Officials and inspectors 

(city) 33,2io 32,199 1,011 

Officials and inspectors 

(county) 19,044 17,469 1,575 

Officials and inspectors 

(state and United States) 52,926 43,389 °>537 
Officials and inspectors 

(state) . . . 7,202 6,662 540 

Officials and inspectors 

(United States) 45,724 3^727 8,007 

Policemen .. 61,980 61,980 

Soldiers, sailors, and ma- 
rines 77,153 77,153 

Other pursuits 10,268 10,045 223 

Life-savers 2,158 2,158 

Lighthouse keepers ... . 1.593 1,552 41 

Other occupations 6,517 6,335 182 

Professional service 1,663,569 929,684 733,885 

Actors 28,297 16,305 11,992 

Architects 16,613 16,311 302 

Artists, sculptors, and 

teachers of art 34,104 18,675 15,429 

Authors, editors, and re- 
porters 38,750 32,511 6,239 

Authors 4,368 2,310 2,058 

Editors and reporters . . 34,3^2 30,201 4,181 
Chemists, assayers, and 

metallurgists 16,273 15,694 579 

Civil and mining engineers 

and # surveyors 58,963 58,958 5 

Civil engineers and sur- 
veyors „ 52,033 52.028 5 

Mining engineers 6#30 6,930 

Clergymen 118,018 117,333 685 



INVENTORS MANUAL 



99 



OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 
Professional service: 

College presidents and pro- 
fessors 15,668 12,710 2,958 

Dentists 39,997 3^,743 1,254 

Designers, draftsmen, and 

inventors 47,449 44,437 3,oi2 

Designers 11,788 9,211 2,577 

Draftsmen 33,314 32,923 391 

Inventors 2,347 2,303 44 

Lawyers, judges, and jus- 
tices 114,704 114,146 558 

Musicians and teachers of 

music 139,310 54,832 84,478 

Photographers 31, 775 26,81 1 4,964 

Physicians and surgeons... 151,132 142,117 9,015 

Showmen 20,096 18,988 1,108 

Teachers 599,237 121,210 478,027 

Teachers (athletics, 

dancing, etc.) 3,931 2,768 1,163 

Teachers (school) 595,306 118,442 476,864 

Trained nurses 82,327 5,819 76,508 

Veterinary surgeons 11,652 1 1,652 

Other professional pursuits 15,677 7,585 8,092 

Semiprofessional pursuits.. 64,926 44,532 20,394 

Abstractors, notaries, 

and justices of peace 7,445 6,660 785 

Fortune tellers, hypno- 
tists, spiritualists, etc. 1,600 380 1,220 

Healers (except physi- 
cians and surgeons) . 6,834 2,162 4,672 

Keepers of charitable 

and penal institutions 7,491 5,246 2,245 

Officials of lodges, so- 
cieties, etc 8,215 6,245 1,970 

Theatrical owners, man- 
agers, and officials.. 11,322 11,027 295 

Other occupations 6,049 5,731 318 

Attendants and helpers 

(professional service) .. 18,601 10,315 8,286 

Domestic and personal 

service 3,772,174 1,241,328 2,530,846 



100 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 
Domestic and personal 
service : 

Barbers, hairdressers and 

manicurists 195,275 172,977 22,298 

Bartenders 101,234 100,984 250 

Billiard room, dance hall, 

skating rink, etc, keepers 16,761 15,943 818 
Billiard and pool room 

keepers 13,859 I3,7<X) 159 

Dance hall, skating 

rink, etc., keepers . . . 2,902 2,243 659 

Boarding and lodging house 

keepers 165,452 23,052 142,400 

Bootblacks 14,020 14,000 20 

Charwomen and cleaners.. 34,034 7,195 26,839 

Elevator tenders 25^035 25,010 25 

Hotel keepers and managers 64,504 50,269 14,235 

Housekeepers and stewards 189,273 15,940 173,333 

Janitors and sextons 113,081 91,629 21,452 

Laborers (domestic and 

professional service) .... 53,480 50,265 3,215 
Launderers and laundresses 

(not in laundry) 533,697 13,693 520,004 

Laundry operatives , . . . 111,879 35,899 75>98o 

Laundry owners, officials, 

and managers 18,043 17,057 986 

Midwives and nurses (not 

trained # 133,043 I5>926 117,117 

Midwives 6,205 * 6,205 

Nurses (not trained) . . 126,838 15,926 110,912 

Porters (except in stores). 84,128 '■ 84,055 73 
Restaurants, cafe, and 

lunch-room keepers 60,832 50,316 10,516 

Saloonkeepers 68,215 66,724 1,491 

Servants 1,572,225 262,676 1,309,549 

Bell boys, chore boys, 

etc m 18,329 17,667 662 

Chambermaids 39,789 187 39,602 

Coachmen and footmen 25,667 25,667 

Cooks 450,440 117,004 333>436 

Other servants 1,038,000 102,151 935,849 

Waiters ,,.„..,,,.,, 188,293 102,495 85,798 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 101 

OCCUPATIONS Total Male Female 

Domestic and personal 

service : 
Other pursuits 29,670 25,223 4,447 

Bathhouse keepers and 

attendants 4,595 3,125 1,470 

Cemetery keepers .... 4,842 4,811 31 

Cleaners and renova- 
tors (clothing, etc.) . 14,860 12,215 2,645 

Umbrella menders and 

scissors grinders 1,053 1,016 37 

Other occupations 4,320 4,056 264 

Clerical occupations i>737>053 1*143,829 593,224 

Agents, canvassers, and col- 
lectors 105,127 96,325 8,802 

Agents 50,785 48,495 2,290 

Canvassers 18,595 13,980 4,615 

Collectors 35,747 33,850 1,897 

Bookkeepers, cashiers, and 

accountants 486,700 299,545 187,155 

Clerks (except clerks in 

stores) 720,498 597,833 122,665 

Shipping clerks 80,353 78,192 2,161 

Other clerks 640,145 519,641 120,504 

Messengers, bundle, and 

office boys 108,035 96,748 1 1,287 

Bundle and cash boys 

and girls 10,866 4,274 6,592 

Messenger, errand, and 

office boys 97,169 92,474 4,695 

Stenographers and type- 
writers 316,693 53,378 263,315 



Census of Cities and States 






INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



io5 



CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE 



New York, N. Y... 


4,766,883 


Louisville, Ky 


223,928 


Manhattan Bor'gh 


2,331,542 


Rochester, N. Y 


218,149 


Bronx Borough. . 


430,980 


St. Paul, Minn.... 


214,744 


Brooklyn Boro'gh 


1,634,351 


Denver, Colo. ...... 


213,381 


Richmond Bor'gh 


85,969 


Portland, Oreg 


207,214 


Queens Bor'gh. . 


284,041 


Columbus, Ohio.... 


181,511 


Chicago, 111 


2,185,283 


Toledo, Ohio 


168,497 


Philadelphia, Pa.... 


1,549,008 


Atlanta, Ga 


154,839 


St. Louis, Mo 


687,029 


Oakland, Cal 


150,174 


Boston, Mass 


670,585 


Worcester, Mass.. . . 


145,986 


Cleveland, Ohio.... 


560,663 


Syracuse, N. Y 


137,249 


Baltimore, Md 


558,485 


New Haven, Conn.. 


133,605 


Detroit, Mich 


465,766 


Birmingham, Ala... 


132,685 


Buffalo, N. Y 


423,715 


Memphis, Tenn 


131,105 


San Francisco 


416.912 


Scranton, Pa 


129,867 


Milwaukee, Wis 


373,857 


Richmond, Va 


127,628 


Cincinnati, Ohio. . . . 


363,591 


Paterson, N. J 


125,600 


Newark, N. J 


347,469 


Omaha, Neb 


124,096 


New Orleans, La. . . 


339,075 


Fall River, Mass.. . 


H9,295 


Washington, D. C. 


331,069 


Dayton, Ohio 


n6,577 


Los Angeles, Cal. . . 


319,198 


Grand Rapids, Mich. 


112,571 


Minneapolis, Minn.. 


301,408 


Nashville, Tenn. . . . 


110,364 


Jersey City, N. J. . . 


267,779 


Lowell, Mass 


106,294 


Kansas City, Mo 


248,381 


Cambridge, Mass... 


104,839 


Seattle, Wash 


237,194 


Spokane, Wash 


104,402 


Indianapolis, Ind... 


233,650 


Bridgeport, Conn. . . 


102,054 


Providence, R. I.... 


224,326 


Albany, N. Y 


100,253 


CITIES BETWEEN 25,000 and 100,000 




Hartford, Conn. . . . 


. 98,915 


Houston, Tex 


. 78,800 


Trenton, N. J 


. 96,815 


Duluth, Minn 


. 78,466 


New Bedford, Mass. 


. 96,652 


St. Joseph, Mo 


. 77,403 


San Antonio, Tex. . . 


. 96,614 


Somerville, Mass.... 


. 77,236 


Reading, Pa 


. 96,071 


Troy, N. Y 


. 76,813 


Camden, N. J 


. 94,538 


Utica, N. Y 


. 74,419 


Salt Lake City, Utah 92JJJ 


Elizabeth, N. J 


. 73409 


Dallas, Tex 


. Q2,I04 


Fort Worth, Tex 


. 73^312 


Lynn, Mass 


. 89,336 


Waterburv, Conn. . . 


. 73.141 


Springfield, Mass. . . 


. 88,926 


Schenectady, N. Y. . 


. 72,826 


Wilmington, Del 


. 87,411 


Hoboken, N. J 


. 70.324 


Des Moines, Iowa.. 


. 86,368 


Manchester, N. H... 


. 70,063 


Lawrence, Mass 


. 85,892 


Evansville, Ind 


. 69,647 


Tacoma, Wash 


• 83,743 


Akron, Ohio 


. 60.067 


Kansas City, Kans. . 


• 82,331 


Norfolk, Va 


. 67,452 


Yonkers, N. Y 


• 79,803 


Wilkes-Barre, Pa... 


. 67,105 


Youngstown, Ohio. 


. 79,066 


Peoria, 111 


. 66,950 



io6 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CITIES BETWEEN 25,000 and 100,000— Continued 



Erie, Pa 66,525 

Savannah, Ga 65,064 

Oklahoma City, Okla. 64,205 

Harrisburg, Pa 64,186 

Fort Wayne, Ind 63,933 

Charleston, S. C 58,833 

Portland, Me 58,571 

East St. Louis, 111... 58,547 

Terre Haute, Ind 58,157 

Holyoke, Mass 57,730 

Jacksonville, Fla 57,699 

Brockton, Mass 56,878 

Bayonne, N.J 55,545 

Johnstown, Pa 55482 

Passaic, N. J 54,773 

South Bend, Ind 53,684 

Covington, Ky 53,270 

Wichita, Kans 52,450 

Altoona, Pa 52,127 

Allentown, Pa 51,913 

Springfield, 111 51,678 

Pawtucket, R. 1 51,622 

Mobile, Ala , 51,521 

Saginaw, Mich 50,510 

Canton, Ohio 50,217 

Bjnghamton, N. Y... 48,443 

Sioux City, Iowa.... 47,828 

Lancaster, Pa 47,227 

Springfield, Ohio 46,921 

Atlantic City, N. J.. . . 46,150 

Little Rock, Ark 45,941 

Rockf ord, I1L 45,401 

Bay City, Mich 45,i66 

York, Pa 44,750 

Sacramento, Cal 44,696 

Chattanooga, Tenn... 44,604 

Maiden, Mass 44,404 

Pueblo, Colo 44,395 

Haverhill, Mass 44,H5 

Lincoln, Nebr 43,973 

New Britain, Conn. . . 43,916 

Salem, Mass 43,697 

Topeka, Kans 43,684 

Davenport, Iowa 43,028 

McKeesport, Pa 42,694 

Wheeling, W. Va 41,641 

Augusta, Ga . . 41,040 



Macon, Ga 


40,665 


Berkeley, Cal 


40,434 


Superior, Wis 


40,384 


Newton, Mass 


39,8o6 


San Diego, Cal 


39,578 


Kalamazoo, Mich .... 


39,437 


El Paso, Tex 


39,279 


Butte, Mont 


39,165 


Flint, Mich 


38,550 


Chester, Pa 


38,537 


Dubuque, Iowa 


38,494 


Montgomery, Ala — 


38,136 


Woonsocket, R. I 


38,125 


Racine, Wis, 


38,002 


Fitchburg, Mass 

Tampa, Fla. 


37,826 


37,782 


Elmira, N. Y 


37,176 


Galveston, Tex 


36,081 


Quincy, 111 


36,587 


Knoxville, Tenn 


36,346 


New Castle, Pa 


36,280 


West Hoboken, N. J.. 


35,403 


Hamilton, Ohio 


35,279 


Springfield, Mo 


35,201 


Lexington, Ky 


35,099 


Roanoke, Va 


34874 


Joliet, 111 


34,670 


Auburn, N. Y 


34,668 


East Orange, N. J 


34,371 


Taunton, Mass 


34,259 


Charlotte, N. C 


34,oi4 


Everett, Mass 


33,484 


Portsmouth, Va 


33,I9Q 


Oshkosh, Wis. 


33,o62 


Cedar Rapids, Iowa.. 


32,811 


Quincy, Mass 


32,642 


Chelsea, Mass 


32,452 


Pittsfield, Mass 


32,121 


Perth Amboy, N. J... 


32,121 


Joplin, Mo 


32,073 


Meriden town, Conn. . 


32,066 


Meriden 


27,265 


Williamsport, Pa 


31,860 


Jackson, Mich 


31,433 


Jamestown ,N. Y 


31,297 


Amsterdam, N. Y. . . . 


31.267 


Lansing, Mich....... 


31,229 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



107 



CITIES BETWEEN 25,000 and 100,000— -Continued 



Huntington, W. Va.. 31,161 

Decatur, 111 31,140 

Mount Vernon, N. Y. 30,919 

Lima, Ohio 30,508 

Niagara Falls, N. Y.. 30,445 

La Crosse, Wis 30,417 

Newport, Ky. ... 30,309 

Pasadena, Cal. ...... 30,291 

Austin, Tex 29,860 

Aurora, 111 29,807 

Orange, N. J 29,630 

Lynchburg, Va 29,494 

Council Bluffs, Iowa. 29,292 

Colorado Sp'gs, Colo. 29,078 

San Jose, Cal. 28,946 

Lorain, Ohio 28,883 

New Rochelle, N. Y. 28,867 

Stamford town, Conn. 28,836 

Stamford 25,138 

Easton, Pa 28,523 

Norwich town, Conn. 28,219 

Norwich 20,367 

Zanesville, Ohio 28,026 

Shreveport, La 28,015 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y. . . 27,936 

Norristown, Pa 27,875 

Danville, 111 27,871 



Waltham, Mass 27,834 

Newburgh, N. Y 27,805 

Brookline town, Mass. 27,792 

Newport, R. 1 27,149 

Watertown, N. Y.. 26,730 

Waterloo, Iowa 26,693 

Warwick town R. I.. 26,629 

Waco, Tex. 26,425 

Sheboygan, Wis 26,398 

Columbia, S. C 26,319 

South Omaha, Nebr.. 26,259 

Lewiston, Me 26,247 

Nashua, N. H 26,005 

Elgin, 111 25,976 

Kingston, N. Y 25,908 

Shenandoah, Pa 25,774 

Bloomington, 111 25,768 

Wilmington, N. C 25,748 

Ogden, Utah 25,580 

Clinton, Iowa 25,577 

Madison, Wis 25,531 

Hazleton, Pa 25,452 

Newark, Ohio 25,404 

Chicopee, Mass 25,401 

Muskogee, Okla 25,278 

Battle Creek, Mich... 25,267 

Green Bay, Wis 25,236 



CENSUS BY STATES 
COUNTIES OF OVER 10,000 



ALABAMA 2,138,093 

Autauga 20,038 

Baldwin 18,178 

Barbour 32,728 

Bibb 22,791 

Blount 21,456 

Bullock 30,196 

Butler 29,030 

Calhoun 39,1 15 

Chambers 36,056 

Cherokee 20,226 

Chilton 23,187 

Choctaw 18,483 



Clarke 30,987 

Clay 21,006 

Cleburne 13,385 

Coffee 26,119 

Colbert 24,802 

Conecuh 21,433 

Coosa 16,634 

Covington 32,124 

Crenshaw 23,313 

Cullman 28,321 

Dale 21,608 

Dallas 53,401 

Dekalb 28,261 

Elmore 28,245 



io8 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Escambia 18,889 

Etowah 39J09 

Fayette 16,248 

Franklin 19,369 

Geneva 26,230 

Greene 22,717 

Hale 27,883 

Henry 20,943 

Houston 32,414 

Jackson 32,918 

Jefferson 226,476 

Lamar 17,487 

Lauderdale 30,936 

Lawrence 21,984 

Lee 32,867 

Limestone 26,880 

Lowndes 31,894 

Macon 26,049 

Madison 47,041 

Marengo 39,9^3 

Marion 17,495 

Marshall 28,553 

Mobile 80,854 

Monroe 27,155 

Montgomery 82,178 

Morgan 33,78i 

Perry 31,222 

Pickens 25,055 

Pike 30,815 

Randolph 24,659 

Russell 25,937 

St. Clair 20,715 

Shelby 26,949 

Sumter 28,699 

Talladega 37,9^1 

Tallapoosa 31,034 

Tuscaloosa 47,559 

Walker 37,oi3 

Washington 14,454 

Wilcox 33,8io 

Winston 12,855 

ARIZONA 204,354 

Cochise 34,591 

Gila 16,348 

Graham 23,999 



Maricopa 34,488 

Navajo 14,603 

Pima 19,686 

Yavapai 15,996 

ARKANSAS .... 1,574,449 

Arkansas 16,103 

Ashley 25,268 

Baxter 10,389 

Benton 33,389 

Boone 14,318 

Bradley 14,518 

Carroll 16,829 

Chicot 21,987 

Clark 23,686 

Clay 23,690 

Cleburne 11,903 

Cleveland 13,481 

Columbia 23,820 

Conway 22,729 

Craighead 27,627 

Crawford 23,942 

Crittenden 22,447 

Cross 14,042 

Dallas 12,621 

Desha 15,274 

Drew 21,960 

Faulkner 23,708 

Franklin 20,638 

Fulton 12,193 

Garland 27,271 

Greene 23,852 

Hempstead 28,285 

Hot Spring 15,022 

Howard 16,898 

Independence 24,776 

Izard 14,561 

Jackson 23,501 

Jefferson 52,734 

Johnson 19,698 

Lafayette 13,741 

Lawrence 20,001 

Lee 24,252 

Lincoln 15,118 

Little River 13,597 

Logan 26,350 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



109 



Lonoke 27,983 

Madison 16,056 

Marion 16,203 

Miller 19,555 

Mississipi 30,468 

Monroe 19,907 

Montgomery 12,455 

Nevada 19,344 

Newton 10,612 

Ouachita 21,774 

Phillips 33,535 

Pike 12,565 

Poinsett 12,791 

Polk 17,216 

Pope 24,527 

Prairie 13,853 

Pulaski 86,751 

Randolph 18,987 

St. Francis 22,548 

Saline 16,657 

Scott 14,302 

Searcy 14,825 

Sebastian 52,278 

Sevier 16,616 

Sharp 11,688 

Union 30,723 

Van Buren 13,509 

Washington 33,889 

White 28,574 

Woodruff 20,049 

Yell 26,323 

CALIFORNIA ..2,377,549 

Alameda 246,131 

Butte 27,301 

Contra Costa 31,674 

Fresno 75,657 

Humboldt 33,857 

Imperial 13,59* 

Kern 37,715 

Kings 16,230 

Los Angeles 504,131 

Marin 25,114 

Mendocino 23,929 

Merced 15,148 

Monterey 24,146 



Napa 19,800 

Nevada 14,955 

Orange 34,436 

Placer 18,237 

Riverside 34,696 

Sacramento 67,806 

San Bernardino . . . 56,706 

San Diego^ 61,665 

San Francisco 416,912 

San Joaquin 50,731 

San Luis Obispo 19,383 

San Mateo 26,585 

Santa Barbara 27,738 

Santa Clara 83,539 

Santa Cruz 26,140 

Shasta 18,920 

Siskiyou 18,801 

Solano 27,559 

Sonoma 48,394 

Stanislaus 22,522 

Tehama 11,401 

Tulare 35,440 

Ventura 18,347 

Yolo 13,926 

Yuba 10,042 

COLORADO .... 799,024 

Arapahoe 10,263 

Boulder 30,330 

Conejos 11,285 

Delta 13,688 

Denver 213,381 

El Paso 43,321 

Fremont 18,181 

Garfield 10,144 

Huerfano 13,320 

Jefferson 14,231 

La Plata 10,812 

Lake 10,600 

Larimer 25,270 

Las Animas 33.643 

Mesa 22,107 

Montrose 10,201 

Otero 20,201 

Pueblo 32,223 

Teller 14*35* 

Weld 39,177 



no 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



CONNECTICUT 1,114,756 

Fairfield 245,322 

Hartford 250,182 

Litchfield 70,260 

Middlesex 45,637 

New Haven 337,282 

New London 9*,253 

Tolland 26,459 

Windham 48,361 

DELAWARE ... 202,322 

Kent 32,721 

New Castle 123,188 

Sussex 46,413 

DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA .. 331,069 

District of Columbia 331,069 

FLORIDA 752,619 

Alachua 34,305 

Bradford 14,090 

Columbia 17,689 

Dade n,933 

De Soto 14,200 

Duval 75,163 

Escambia 38,029 

Gadsden 22,198 

Hamilton 11,825 

Hillsboro 78.374 

Holmes ",557 

Jackson 29,821 

Jefferson 17,210 

Leon 19,427 

Levy 10,361 

Madison 16,919 

Marion 26,941 

Monroe 21,563 

Nassau 10,525 

Orange 19,107 

Pqlk .,..,,, r . !r , ?t 24,148 



Putnam 13,096 

St. John 13,208 

Santa Rosa 14,897 

Suwanee 18,603 

Volusia 16,510 

Walton 16460 

Washington 16,403 

GEORGIA 2,609,121 

Appling 12,318 

Baldwin 18,354 

Banks ",244 

Bartow 25,388 

Ben Hill 11,863 

Berrien 22,772 

Bibb 56,646 

Brooks 23,832 

Bulloch 26,464 

Burke 27,268 

Butts 13,624 

Calhoun ",334 

Campbell 10,874 

Carroll 30,855 

Chatham 79,690 

Chattooga 13,608 

Cherokee 16,661 

Clarke 23,273 

Clayton 10,453 

Cobb 28,397 

Coffee 21,953 

Colquitt 19,789 

Columbia 12,328 

Coweta 28,800 

Crisp 16,423 

Decatur 29,045 

Dekalb 27,881 

Dodge 20,127 

£ ool y 20,554 

Dougherty 16,035 

Early 18,122 

Elbert 24,125 

Emanuel 25,140 

Fannin 12,574 

Fayette 10,966 

Floyd 36,736 

Forsyth .,,,,,,,,., 11,940 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



III 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Franklin 17,894 

Fulton 177,733 

Glynn 15,720 

Gordon 15,861 

Grady 18,457 

Greene 18,512 

Gwinnett 28,824 

Habersham 10,134 

Hall 25,730 

Hancock 19,189 

Haralson 13,154 

Harris 17,886 

Hart 16,216 

Heard 11,189 

Henry 19,927 

Houston 23,609 

Irwin 10,461 

Jackson 30,169 

Jasper 16,552 

Jefferson 21,379 

Jenkins 11,520 

Johnson 12,897 

Jones 13,103 

aurens 35,50* 

Lee 11,679 

Liberty 12,924 

Lowndes 24,436 

McDuffie 10,325 

Macon 15,016 

Madison 16,851 

Meriwether 25,180 

Mitchell 22,114 

Monroe 20,450 

Montgomery 19*638 

Morgan 19,7*7 

Muscogee 36,227 

Newton i8,449 

Oconee 1 1 ,104 

Oglethorpe 18,680 

Paulding 14,124 

Pierce 10,749 

Pike 19,495 

Polk 20,203 

Pulaski 22,835 

Putnam 13^76 

Randolph 18,841 

Richmond ,,.,,,,,, 58,886 



Screven 20,202 

Spalding 19,741 

Stewart 13,437 

Sumter 29,092 

Talbot 11,696 

Tattnall 18,569 

Taylor 10,839 

Telfair 13,288 

Terrell 22,003 

Thomas 29,071 

Tift 11,487 

Toombs 1 1,206* 

Troup 26,228 

Turner 10,075 

Twiggs 10,736 

Upson 12,757 

Walker 18,692 

Walton 25,393 

Ware 22,957 

Warren 11,860 

Washington 28,174 

Wayne 13,069 

Whitfield 15,934 

Wilcox 13,486 

Wilkes 23,441 

Wilkinson 10,078 

Worth 19,147 

ikAHO 325,594 

Ada 29,088 

Bannock 19,242 

Bingham 23,306 

Bonner 13,588 

Canyon 25,323 

Fremont 24,606 

Idaho . . 12,384 

Kootenai 22,747 

Latah 18,818 

Lincoln 12,676 

Nez Perce 24,860 

Oneida 15,170 

Shoshone 13,963 

Twin Falls 13,543 

Washington ii,ioi 



112 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



ILLINOIS 5,638,591 

Adams 64,588 

Alexander 22,741 

Bond 17,075 

Boone 15,481 

Brown 10,397 

Bureau 43,975 

Carroll 18,035 

Cass 17,372 

Champaign 51,829 

Christian 34,594 

Clark 23,517 

Clay 18,661 

Clinton 22,832 

Coles 34,517 

Cook 2,405,233 

Crawford 26,281 

Cumberland 14,281 

Dekalb 33,457 

Dewitt 18,906 

Douglas 19,591 

Dupage 33,432 

Edgar 27,336 

Edwards 10,049 

Effingham 20,055 

Fayette 28,075 

Ford 17,096 

Franklin .• 25,943 

Fulton 49,549 

Gallatin 14,628 

Greene 22,363 

Grundy 24,162 

Hamilton 18,227 

Hancock 30,638 

Henry 41,736 

Iroquois 35,543 

Jackson 35,143 

Jasper 18,157 

Jefferson 29,111 

Jersey 13,954 

Jo Daviess 22,6s7 

Johnson 14,331 

Kane 91,862 

Kankakee 40,752 

Kendall io,777 

Knox 46,159 



La Salle 90,132 

Lake 55,058 

Lawrence 22,661 

Lee 27,750 

Livingston 40,465 

Logan 30,216 

McDonough 26,887 

McHenry 32,509 

McLean 68,008 

Macon _ 54,i86 

Macoupin 50,685 

Madison 89,847 

Marion 35,094 

Marshall 15,679 

Mason i7,2>77 

Massac 14,200 

Menard 12,796 

Mercer 19,723 

Monroe 13,508 

Montgomery 35,3H 

Morgan 34,420 

Moultrie 14,630 

Ogle 27,864 

Peoria 100,255 

Perry 22,088 

Piatt 16,376 

Pike 28,622 

Pope 11,215 

Pulaski 15,650 

Randolph 29,120 

Richland 15,970 

Rock Island 70,404 

St. Clair 119,870 

Saline 30,204 

Sangamon 91,024 

Schuyler 14,852 

Scott 10,067 

Shelby 31,693 

Stark 10,098 

Stephenson 36,821 

Tazewell 34,027 

Union 21,856 

Vermilion 77,996 

Wabash 14,9*3 

Warren 23,313 

Washington i8,759 

Wayne .,.,,..,..,. 25,697 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



H3 



White 23,052 

Whiteside 34,507 

W;U 84,371 

Williamson 45,098 

Winnebago 63,153 

Woodford 20,506 



INDIANA 2,700,876 

Adams 21,840 

Allen 93,386 

Bartholomew 24,813 

Benton 12,688 

Blackford 15,820 

Boone 24,673 

Carroll 17,970 

Cass 36,368 

Clark 30,260 

Clay 32,535 

Clinton 26,674 

Crawford 12,057 

Daviess 27,747 

Dearborn 21,396 

Decatur 18,793 

Dekalb 25,054 

Delaware 51,414 

Dubois 19,843 

Elkhart 49,008 

Fayette 14,415 

Floyd t 30,293 

Fountain 20,439 

Franklin 15,335 

Fulton 16,879 

Gibson 30,137 

Grant 51,426 

Greene 36,873 

Hamilton 27,026 

Hancock 19,030 

Harrison 20,232 

Hendricks 20,840 

Henry 29,758 

Howard 33J77 

Huntington 28,082 

Jackson 24,727 

Jasper 13,044 

Jay 24,961 



Jefferson 20,483 

J^nings 14)203 

Johnson 20)394 

$ nox . ■•- 39,183 

Kosciusko 27 936 

Lagrange I5 ; i4 g 

Lake 82,864 

Laporte 45,797 

Lawrence 30,625 

Madison 65,224 

Marion 263,661 

Marshall 24,175 

Martin 12,950 

Miami 29,350 

Monroe 23,426 

Montgomery 29,296 

Morgan 21,182 

Newton 10,504 

Noble 24,009 

Orange 17,192 

2 wen 14,053 

Parke 22,214 

Perry 18,078 

Pike 19,684 

Porter 20,540 

Posey ^ 21,670 

Pulaski 13,312 

Putnam 20,520 

Randolph 29,013 

Ripley 19,452 

Rush 19,349 

St. Joseph 84,312 

Shelby 26,802 

Spencer 20,676 

Starke 10,567 

Steuben 14,-74 

Sullivan 32,430 

Tippecanoe 40,063 

Tipton 17.450 

Vanderburg 77438 

Vermilion 18,865 

Vigo 87,930 

Wabash 26,926 

Warren 10,899 

Warrick 21,91] 

Washington 17445 

Wayne 43,757 



H4 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Wells .... 22,418 

White 17,602 

Whitley 16,892 



IOWA 2,224,771 

Adair 14,420 

Adams 10,998 

Allamakee 17,328 

Appanoose 28,701 

Audubon 12,671 

Benton 23,156 

Blackhawk ......... 44,865 

Boone 27,626 

Bremer 15,843 

Buchanan 19,748 

Buena Vista 15,981 

Butler 17,119 

Calhoun 17,090 

Carroll 20,117 

Cass 19,047 

Cedar 17,765 

Cerro Gordo 25,01 1 

Cherokee 16,741 

Chickasaw 15,375 

Clarke 10,736 

Clay 12,766 

Clayton 25,576 

Clinton 45,394 

Crawford 20,041 

Dallas 23,628 

Davis 13,315 

Decatur 16,347 

Delaware 17,888 

Des Moines 36,145 

Dubuque 57,450 

Emmet 9,816 

Fayette 27,919 

Floyd I7,H9 

Franklin 14,780 

Fremont 15,623 

Greene 16,023 

Grundy 13,574 

Guthrie 17,374 

Hamilton 19,242 

Hancock 12,731 



Hardin 20,921 

Harrison 23,162 

Henry ^,640 

g ow f<i 12,920 

Humboldt 12,182 

| d a 11,296 

* ow ,a 18,409 

Jackson 21,258 

J^Per 27,034 

Jefferson 15,951 

Johnson 25,914 

Jones 19,050 

Keokuk 21,160 

Kossuth 21,971 

Lee 36,702 

Linn 60,720 

Louisa 12,855 

Lucas 13,462 

Lyon 14,624 

Madison 15,621 

Mahaska 29,860 

Marion 22,995 

Marshall 30,279 

Mills 15,811 

Mitchell 13,435 

Monona 16,633 

Monroe 25,429 

Montgomery 16,604 

Muscatine 29,505 

OBnen 17,262 

Page 24,002 

If A £> 13,845 

Plymouth 23,129 

Pocahontas 14^808 

Polk 110,438 

Pottawattamie 55,832 

Poweshiek 19.589 

Ringgold 12,004 

Sac 16,555 

Scott 60,000 

Shelby 16.552 

Sioux 25,248 

Story 24,083 

Tama 22,156 

Taylor 16,312 

Union 16,616 

Van Buren 15,020 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



115 



Wapello 37743 

Warren 18,194 

Washington 19,925 

Wayne 16,184 

Webster 34,629 

Winnebago 1 1,914 

Winneshiek 21,729 

Woodbury 67,616 

Wright 17,951 

KANSAS 1,690,949 

Allen 27,640 

Anderson 13,829 

Atchison 28,107 

Barton 17,876 

Bourbon 24,007 

Brown 21,314 

Butler 23,059 

Chautauqua 11,429 

Cherokee 38,162 

Clay 15,251 

Cloud 18,388 

Coffey 15,205 

Cowley 31,790 

Crawford 51.178 

Dickinson 24,361 

Doniphan 14,422 

Douglas 24,724 

Elk 10,128 

Ellis 12,170 

Ellsworth 10,444 

Ford 11,393 

Franklin 20,884 

Geary 12,681 

Greenwood 16,060 

Harper 14,748 

Harvey 19,200 

Jackson 16,861 

Jefferson 15,826 

Jewell 18,148 

Johnson 18,288 

Kingman 13,386 

Labette 31,423 

Leavenworth ........ 41,207 



Lincoln 10,142 

Linn 14,735 

JLyon 24,927 

McPherson 21,521 

Marion 22,415 

Marshall 23,880 

Miami 20,030 

Mitchell 14,089 

Montgomery 49,474 

Morris 12,397 

Nemaha 19,072 

Neosho 23,754 

Norton 11,614 

Osage 19,905 

Osborne 12,827 

Ottawa 11,811 

Phillips 14,150 

Pottawatomie 17,522 

Pratt 11,156 

5 eno • 37,853 

Republic 17,447 

Rice 15,106 

Riley 15,783 

Rooks 11,282 

Russell 10,800 

Saline # 20,338 

Sedgwick 73,095 

Shawnee 61,874 

Smith 15,365 

Stafford 12,510 

Sumner 30,654 

Wabaunsee 12,721 

Washington 20,229 

Wilson 19,810 

Wyandotte 100,068 



KENTUCKY .... 2,289,005 

Adair 16,503 

Allen 14,882 

Anderson 10,146 

Ballard 12,600 

Barren 25,203 

Bath 13.088 

Bel! 28,447 



n6 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Bourbon 17,462 

Boyd 23,444 

Boyle 14,668 

Bracken 10,308 

Breathitt 17,54° 

Breckinridge 21,034 

Butler 15,805 

Caldwell 14,063 

Calloway 19,867 

Campbell 59,369 

Carter 21,966 

Casey 15,479 

Christian 38,845 

Clark 17,987 

Clay 17,789 

Crittenden 13,296 

Daviess 41,020 

Edmonson 10,469 

Estill 12,273 

Fayette 47,715 

Fleming 16,066 

Floyd 18,623 

Franklin 21,135 

Fulton I4,H4 

Garrard 11,894 

Grant 10,581 

Graves 33,539 

Grayson 19,958 

Green 11,871 

Greenup i8,475 

Hardin 22,696 

Harlan 10,566 

Harrison 16,873 

Hart 18,173 

Henderson 29,352 

Henry 13,716 

Hickman n,750 

Hopkins 34,291 

Jackson 10,734 

Jefferson 262,920 

Jessamine 12,613 

Johnson 17,482 

Kenton 70,355 

Knott 10,791 

Knox 22,116 

Larue 10,701 

Laurel . ,... 19,872 



Lawrence 20,067 

Letcher 10,623 

Lewis ,. . 16,887 

Lincoln 17,897 

Livingston 10,627 

Logan 24,977 

McCracken 35,064 

McLean 13,241 

Madison 26,951 

Magoffin 13,654 

Marion 16,330 

Marshall 15,771 

Mason 18,611 

Mercer 14,063 

Metcalfe 10,453 

Monroe 13,663 

Montgomery 12,868 

Morgan 16,259 

Muhlenberg 28,598 

Nelson 16,830 

Nicholas 10,601 

Ohio 27,642 

Owen 14,248 

Pendleton 11,985 

gerry 11,255 

£ J H e ;•. 31,679 

Pulaski 35,986 

Rockcastle 14,473 

Russell 10,861 

Scott 16,956 

Shelby 18,041 

Simpson 11,460 

Taylor n, 9 6i 

Todd 16,488 

£ ri . gg J 4,539 

Union i 9> 886 

W r ar reri 30,579 

Washington 13,940 

Wayne 17,518 

Webster 20,974 

Whitley 31,982 

Woodford 12,571 

LOUISIANA . . . 1,656,368 

Acadia 31,847 

Ascension .,.,..,.. 23,887 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



117 



Assumption . 24,128 

Avoyelles 34>io2 

Bienville . , . . 21,776 

Bossier 21,738 

Caddo 58,200 

Calcasieu 61,767 

Catahoula 10,415 

Claiborne 25,050 

Concordia 14,278 

De Soto 27,689 

East Baton Rouge.. 34,580 

East Carroll 11,637 

East Feliciana 20,055 

Franklin 1 1,989 

Grant 15,958 

Iberia 31,262 

Iberville 30,954 

Jackson 13,818 

Jefferson 18,247 

Lafayette 28,733 

Lafourche 33,1 1 1 

Lincoln 18,485 

Livingston 10,627 

Madison 10,676 

Morehouse 18,786 

Natchitoches 36,455 

Orleans 339,075 

Ouachita # 25,830 

Plaquemines 12,524 

Pointe Coupee 25,289 

Rapides 44,545 

Red River 11,402 

Richland 15,769 

Sabine 19,874 

St. Charles 11,207 

St James 23,009 

St. John the Baptist 14,338 

St. Landry 66,661 

St. Martin 23,070 

St. Mary 39,368 

St. Tammany 18,917 

Tangipahoa 29,160 

Tensas 17,060 

Terrebonne 28,320 

Union 20,451 

Vermilion 26,390 

Vernon 17,384 



Washington 18,886 

Webster 19,186 

West Baton Rouge. . 12,636 

West Feliciana 13,449 

Winn 18,357 

MAINE 742,371 

Androscoggin 59,822 

Aroostook 74,664 

Cumberland 112,014 

Franklin I9,"9 

Hancock 35,575 

Kennebeck 62,863 

Knox 28,981 

Lincoln 18,216 

Oxford 36,256 

Penobscot 85,285 

Piscataquis 19,887 

Sagadahoc 18,574 

Somerset 36,301 

Waldo 23,383 

Washington 42,90s 

York 68,526 

MARYLAND . 1,295,346 

Allegany 62,411 

Anne Arundel 39,553 

Baltimore 122,349 

Baltimore city 558,485 

Calvert 10,325 

Caroline ' 19,216 

Carroll 33,934 

Cecil 23,759 

Charles 16,386 

Dorchester 28,669 

Frederick 52,673 

Garrett 20,105 

Harford 27,065 

Howard 16,106 

Kent i6,957 

Montgomery 32,089 

Prince Georges 36.147 

Queen Amies 16,830 

St. Marys 17.030 

Somerset 26,455 



Ii8 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Talbot 19,620 

Washington 49,6i7 

Wicomico 26,815 

Worcester 21,841 

MASSA- 
CHUSETTS .... 3,366,416 

Barnstable 27,542 

Berkshire 105,259 

Bristol 318,573 

Essex 436,477 

Franklin 43,6oo 

Hampden 231,369 

Hampshire 63,327 

Middlesex 669 915 

Norfolk 187,506 

Plymouth 144,337 

Suffolk 731,388 

Worcester 399,657 

MICHIGAN .... 2,810,173 

Allegan 39,8i9 

Alpena 19,965 

Antrim 15,692 

Barry 22,633 

Bay 68,238 

Benzie 10,638 

Berrien 53,622 

Branch 25,605 

Calhoun 56,638 

Cass . . . 20,624 

Charlevoix I9J57 

Cheboygan 17,872 

Chippewa 24,472 

Clinton 23,129 

Delta 30,108 

Dickinson 20,524 

Eaton 30,499 

Emmet 18,561 

Genesee 64,555 

Gogebic 23,333 

Grand Traverse . . . 23,784 

Gratiot 28,820 

Hillsdale 29,673 

Houghton 88,098 



Huron 34,75$ 

Ingham 53,310 

Jonia 33,550 

Iron 15,164 

Isabella 23,029 

Jackson 53,426 

Kalamazoo 60,427 

Kent 159,145 

Lapeer 26,033 

Leelanau 10,608 

Lenawee 47,907 

Livingston 17,736 

Macomb 32,606 

Manistee 26,688 

Marquette 46,739 

Mason 21,832 

Mecosta 19,466 

Menominee 25,648 

Midland 14,005 

Missaukee 10,606 

Monroe 32,917 

Montcalm 32,069 

Muskegon 40,577 

Newaygo 19,220 

Oakland 49,576 

Oceana 18,379 

Osceola 17,889 

Ottawa V ; 45,301 

rresque Isle 11,249 

Saginaw 89,290 

§*■ flair 52,341 

§t. Joseph 25,499 

Sanilac 33,930 

Shiawassee 33,246 

Tuscola 34, QI3 

Van Buren 33,185 

Washtenaw 44,714 

Wayne 53 , f591 

Wexford 20,769 

MINNESOTA ..2,075,708 

Aitkin 10,371 

Anoka 12,493 

Becker 18,840 

Beltrami 19,337 

Benton 11,615 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



119 



Blue Earth 29,337 

Brown , 20,134 

Carlton 17,559 

Carver 17 ',455 

Cass 11,620 

Chippewa 1 3,458 

Chisago 13,537 

Clay 19,640 

Cottonwood 12,651 

Crow Wing 16,861 

Dakota 25,171 

Dodge 12,094 

Douglas 17,669 

Faribault 19,949 

Fillmore 25,680 

Freeborn 22,282 

Goodhue 31,637 

Hennepin 333,48o 

Houston 14,297 

Isanti 12,615 

Itasca 17,208 

Jackson 14,491 

Kandiyohi 18,969 

Lac qui Parle 15,435 

Le Seuer 18,609 

Lyon 15,722 

McLeod 18,691 

Marshall 16,338 

Martin 17,5*8 

Meeker 17,022 

Mille^ Lacs 10,705 

Morrison 24,053 

Mower 22,640 

Murray ",755 

Nicollet 14,125 

Nobles 15,210 

Norman 13,446 

Olmsted 22,497 

Otter Tail 46,036 

Pine 15,878 

Polk 36,001 

Pope 12,746 

Ramsey 223,675 

Redwood 18,425 

Renville 23,123 

Rice 25,911 

Rock 10,222 



Roseau ",338 

St. Louis 163,274 

Scott 14,888 

Sibley 15,540 

Stearns 47,733 

Steele 16,146 

Swift 12,949 

Todd 23,407 

Wabasha 18,554 

Waseca 13,466 

Washington 26,013 

Watonwan ",382 

Winona 33,398 

Wright _ 28,082 

Yellow Medicine . . 15,406 

MISSISSIPPI .. i,797,"4 

Adams 25,265 

Alcorn 18^59 

Amite 22,954 

Attala 28,851 

Benton 10,245 

Bolivar 48,905 

Calhoun 17,726 

Carroll 23,139 

Chickasaw 22,846 

Choctaw 14,357 

Claiborne 17,403 

Clarke 21,630 

Clay 20,203 

Coahoma 34,217 

Copiah 35,914 

Covington 16,909 

De Soto 23,130 

Forrest 20,722 

Franklin I5,IQ3 

Grenada 15,727 

Hancock 1 1,207 

Harrison 34,658 

Hinds 63,726 

Holmes 39,o88 

Issaquena 10,560 

Itawamba 14,526 

Jackson I5,45 r 

Jasper 18,408 

Jefferson 18,221 



120 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Jefferson Davis .... 12,860 

Jones 29,885 

Kemper 20,348 

Lafayette 21,883 

Lamar ii,74 t 

Lauderdale 46,919 

Lawrence 13,080 

Leeake 18,298 

Lee 28,894 

Leflore 36,290 

Lincoln 28,597 

Lowndes 30,703 

Madison 33,505 

Marion 15,599 

Marshall 26,796 

Monroe 35, 178 

Montgomery 17,706 

Neshoba 17,980 

Newton 23,085 

Noxubee 28,503 

Oktibbeha 19,676 

Panola 31,274 

Pearl River 10,593 

Pike 37,272 

Pontotoc 19,688 

Prentiss 16,931 

Quitman n,593. 

Rankin 23,944 

Scott 16,723 

Sharkey 15,694 

Simpson 17,201 

Smith , 16,603 

Sunflower 28,787 

Tallahatchie 29,078 

Tate I97I4 

Tippah # 14,631 

Tishomingo 13,067 

Tunica 18,646 

Union 18,997 

Warren 37,488 

Washington 48,933 

Wayne 14,709 

Webster 14,853 

Wilkinson 18,075 

Winston 17,139 

Yalobusha 21,519 

Yazoo 46,672 



MISSOURI 3,293,335 

Adair 22,700 

Andrew 15,282 

Atchison 13,604 

Audrain 21,687 

Barry 23,869 

Barton 16,747 

Bates 25,869 

Benton 14,881 

Bollinger 14,576 

Boone 30,533 

Buchanan 93,020 

Butler 20,624 

Caldwell 14,605 

Callaway 24,400 

Camden 11,582 

Cape Girardeau 27,621 

Carroll 23,098 

Cass 22,973 

Cedar 16,080 

Chariton 23,503 

Christian 15,832 

Clark 12,811 

Clay 20,302 

Clinton 15,297 

Cole 21,957 

Cooper 20,311 

Crawford 13,576 

Dade 15,613 

Dallas 13,181 

Daviess 17,605 

Dekalb 12,531 

Dent 13,245 

Douglas 16,664 

Dunklin 30,328 

Franklin 29,830 

Gasconade 12,847 

Gentry 16,820 

Greene 63,831 

Grundy 16,744 

Harrison 20,466 

Henry 27,242 

Holt 14,539 

Howard 15,653 

Howell 21,065 

Jackson 283,522- 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



121 



CENSUS BY STATES—Continued 



Jasper 89,673 

Jefferson 27,878 

Johnson 26,297 

Knox 12,403 

Laclede 17,363 

Lafayette 30,154 

Lawrence 26,583 

Lewis 15,514 

Lincoln 17,033 

Linn 25,253 

Livingston 19,453 

McDonald ...., 13,539 

Macon 30,868 

Madison 11,273 

Maries 10,088 

Marion s 30,572 

Mercer 12,335 

Miller . .. 16,717 

Mississippi 14,557 

Moniteau .' 14,375 

Monroe 18,304 

Montgomery . 15,604 

Morgan 12,863 

New Madrid 19,488 

Newton 27,136 

Nodaway 14,681 

Oregon 14,681 

Osage 14,283 

Ozark 11,926 

Pemiscot 19,559 

Perry 14,898 

Pettis 33,913 

Phelps 15,796 

Pike 22,556 

Platte 14,429 

Polk 21,561 

Pulaski 11,438 

Putnam 14,308 

Ralls 12,913 

Randolph 26,182 

Ray 21,451 

Ripley 13,099 

St. Charles 24,695 

St. Clair 16,412 

St. Francois 35,738 

St. Louis 82,417 

5t. Louis city 687,029 



Ste. Genevieve 10,607 

Saline 29,448 

Scotland 11,869 

Scott 22,372 

Shannon n,443 

Shelby 14,864 

Stoddard 27,807 

Stone u,559 

Sullivan 18,598 

Texas 21,458 

Vernon 28,827 

Washington 13,378 

Wayne 15,181 

Websj^r I7>377 

Wright 18,315 



MONTANA 



Carbon 

Cascade 

Chouteau 

Custer 

Dawson 

Deer Lodge 

Fergus 

Flathead 

Gallatin 

Lewis and Clark 

Missoula 

Park 

Ravalli 

Silver Bow 

Valley 

Yellowstone 



376,053 

13,962 
28,833 
17,191 
14,123 
12,725 
12,988 
17,385 
18,785 
14,079 
21,853 
23,596 
io,73i 
11,666 
56,848 
13,630 
22,944 



NEBRASKA .... 1,192,214 

Adams 20,900 

Antelope 14,003 

Boone 13,145 

Buffalo 21,907 

Burt 12,726 

Butler 15,403 

Cass 19,78$ 



122 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Cedar 15,191 

Cherry 10,414 

Clay 15,729 

Coliax 11,610 

Cuming 13,782 

Cluster 25,668 

Dawson 15,961 

Dixon n,477 

Dodge 22,145 

Douglas 168,546 

Fillmore 14,674 

Franklin 10,303 

Furnas 12,083 

Gage 30,325 

Hall 20,361 

Hamilton 13,459 

Holt 15,545 

Howard 10,783 

Jefferson 16.852 

Johnson 10,187 

Knox 18,358 

Lancaster 73,793 

Lincoln 15,684 

Madison 19,101 

Merrick 10,379 

Nemaha 13,095 

Nuckolls 13,019 

Otoe 19,323 

Pawnee 10,582 

Phelps 10,451 

Pierce 10,122 

Platte 19,006 

Polk _ 10,521 

Redwillow 11,056 

Richardson 17,448 

Saline 17,866 

Saunders 21,179 

Seward 15,895 

Thayer 14,775 

Washington 12,738 

Wayne 10,397 

Webster 12,008 

York 18,721 

NEVADA 81,875 

Washoe 17434 



NEW HAMP- 
SHIRE 430,572 

Belknap 21,309 

Carroll 16,316 

Cheshire 30,659 

Coos 30,753 

Grafton \ 41,652 

Hillsboro 126,072 

Merrimack 53,335 

Rockingham 52,188 

Strafford 19,337 

Sullivan 19,337 



NEW JERSEY.. 2,537,167 

Atlantic 71,894 

Bergen 138,002 

Burlington §6,565 

Camden 142,029 

Cape May 19,745 

Cumberland 55, J 53 

Essex 512,886 

Gloucester 37,368 

Hudson 537,231 

Hunterdon 33,569 

Mercer 125,657 

Middlesex 114,426 

Monmouth 94,734 

Morris 74,704 

Ocean 21,318 

Passaic 215,902 

Salem 26,999 

Somerset 38,820 

Sussex 26,781 

Union 140,197 

Warren 43,187 



NEW MEXICO.. 327,301 

Bernalillo 23,606 

Chaves 16,850 

Colfax 16,460 

Curry n,443 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



123 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Dona Ana 12,893 

Eddy 12,400 

Grant 14,813 

Guadalupe 10,927 

McKinley 12,963 

Mora 12,611 

Quay 14,912 

Rio Arriba 16,624 

Roosevelt 12,064 

San Miguel 22,930 

Santa Fe 14,770 

Socorro 14,761 

Taos 12,008 

Torrance 10,119 

Union 11,404 

Valencia 13,320 



NEW YORK ...9,113,614 



Albany 

Alleghany . . . 

Broome 

Cattaraugus . 

Cayuga 

Chautauqua . 
Chemung . . . 
Chenango . . . 

Clinton 

Columbia . . . 

Cortland 

Delaware . . . 

Dutchess 

Erie , 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton , 

Genesee 

Greene 

Herkimer . . 
Jefferson . . . 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston . 
Madison . . . 

Monroe 

Montgomery 



173,666 
41,412 
78,809 
65,919 
67,106 
105,126 
54,662 

35,575 
48,230 
43,658 
29,249 

45,575 
87,661 
528,985 
33,458 
45,717 
44,534 
37,6i5 
30,214 
56,356 
80,382 

1,634,351 
24,849 

38,037 

39,829 

283,212 

57,56> 



Nassau 

New York 2, 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer 

Richmond 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence . . . 

Saratoga 

Schenectady .... 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga ; 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington .... 

Wayne 

Westchester .... 

Wyoming 

Yates 



83,930 

,762,522 

92,036 

154,157 

200,298 

52,286 

116,001 

32,000 

71,664 

47,2i6 

14,665 

284,041 

122,276 

85,969 

46,873 

89,005 

61,917 

88,235 

23,855 

14,004 

26,972 

83,362 

96,138 

33,8o8 

25,624 

33fi47 

91,769 

32,223 

47,778 

50,179 

283,055 

31,880 

18,642 



NORTH CARO- 
LINA 2,206,287 

Alamance 28,712 

Alexander 1 1,592 

Anson 25,465 

Ashe 19,074 

Beaufort 30,877 

Bertie -3.030 

Bladen 18,006 

Brunswick (4*432 

Buncombe 40,798 



124 INVENTORS MANUAL 

CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Burke 21,408 

Cabarrus 26,240 

Caldwell 20,579 

Carteret 1-3/776 

Caswell 14,858 

Catawba 27,918 

Chatham 22,635 

Cherokee 14,136 

Chowan 11,303 

Cleveland 29,494 

Columbus 28,020 

Craven 25,594 

Cumberland 35,284 

Davidson 29,404 

Davie _ 13,394 

Duplin 25,442 

Durham 35,276 

Edgecombe 32,010 

Forsyth 47,3" 

Franklin 24,692 

Gaston 37,063 

Gates 10,455 

Granville 25,102 

Greene 13,083 

Guilford 60,497 

Halifax 37,646 

Harnett 22,174 

Haywood 21,020 

Henderson 16,262 

Hertford 15,436 

Iredell 34,315 

Jackson 12,998 

Johnston 41,401 

Lee % n,376 

Lenoir 22,769 

Lincoln 17,132 

McDowell 13,538 

Macon 12,191 

Madison 20,132 

Martin 17,797 

Mecklenburg 67,031 

Mitchell 17,245 

Montgomery 14,967 

Moore 17,010 

Nash 33,727 

New Hanover 32,037 

Northampton 22,323 



Onslow 

Orange 

Pacquotank . 

Pender 

Perquimans . 

Person 

Pitt 

Randolph . . . 
Richmond . . 
Robeson 
Rockingham 

Rowan 

Rutherford . 

Sampson 

Scotland 

Stanly 

Stokes 

Surry 



Swam , 

Union , 

Vance , 

Wake 

Warren 

Washington 
Watauga . . , 

Wayne 

Wilkes 

Wilson .... 

Yadkin 

Yancey 



NORTH DAKO- 
TA 



Barnes 

Benson 

Billings .... 
Bottineau ... 

Burleigh 

Cass . 

Cavalier 

Grand Forks 
Lamoure 
McHenry . . . 
McLean 



14,125 

15,064 
16,693 
I5,47i 
11,054 
17,356 
36,340 
29,491 

16,673 
51,945 
36,442 
37,521 
28,385 
29,982 
15.363 
19,909 
20,151 

29,705 
10,403 
33,277 
19,425 
63.229 
20.266 
11,062 
13,556 
35,698 
30,282 
28,269 
15428 
12,072 



577,056 

18,066 
12,681 
10,186 
17,295 
13,087 
33,935 
15,659 
27,888 
10,724 
17,627 
14,496 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



125 



Morton 25,289 

Nelson 10,140 

Pembina 14749 

Ramsey 15,199 

Ransom io,345 

Richland 19,659 

Stark 12,504 

Stutsman 18,189 

Traill 12,545 

Walsh 19,491 

Ward 25,281 

Wells 11,814 

Williams 14,234 



OHIO 4,767,121 

Adams 24,755 

Allen 56,580 

Ashland 22,975 

Ashtabula 59,547 

Athens 47,798 

Auglaize 31,246 

Belmont 76,856 

Brown 24,832 

Butler 70,271 

Carroll 15,761 

Champaign 26,351 

Clark 66,435 

Clermont 29,551 

Clinton 23,680 

Columbiana 76,619 

Coshocton 30,121 

Cuvahoga 637,425 

Darke 42,933 

Defiance 24,498 

Delaware 27,182 

Erie 38,327 

Crawford 34A36 

Fairfield 39,201 

Fayette 21,744 

Franklin 221,567 

Fulton 23,914 

Gallia 25,745 

Geauga 14,670 

Greene 20,733 

Guernsey 42,716 



Hamilton 460,732 

Hancock 37,860 

Hardin 30,407 

Harrison 19,076 

Henry 25,119 

Highland 28,71 1 

Hocking 23,650 

Holmes 17,909 

Huron 34,206 

Jackson 30,791 

Jefferson 65,423 

Knox 30,181 

Lake 22,927 

Lawrence 39,488 

Licking 55,590 

Logan 30,084 

Lorain 76,037 

Lucas 192,728 

Madison 19,902 

Mahoning 116,151 

Marion 33,97* 

Medina 23,598 

Meigs 25,594 

Mercer 27,536 

Miami 45,047 

Monroe 24,244 

Montgomery 163,763 

Morgan 16,097 

Morrow 16,815 

Muskingum ^7,488 

Noble 18,601 

Ottawa 22,360 

Paulding 22,730 

Perry 35-3o6 

Pickaway 26,158 

Pike X5,723 

Portage 30,307 

Preble 23,834 

Putnam 47667 

Ross 40,060 

Sandusky ?^^7^ 

Scioto 48,463 

Seneca 42,421 

Shelby 24.66;, 

Stark 122,987 

Summit 108.25.} 

Trumbull 5-^66 



126 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Tuscarawas 57,035 

Union 21,871 

Van Wert 29,1 19 

Warren 24,497 

Washington 45,422 

Wayne 38,058 

Williams 25,198 

Wood 46,330 

Wyandot 20,760 



OKLAHOMA ..1,657,155 

Adair 10,535 

Alfalfa 18,138 

Atoka 13,631 

Beckham 19,699 

Blaine 17,960 

Bryan 29,854 

Carter 25,358 

Caddo > 35,685 

Canadian 23,501 

Cherokee 16,778 

Choctaw 21,862 

Cleveland 18,843 

Comanche 39,855 

Craig 17,404 

Creek 26,223 

Custer 23,231 

Delaware 1 1,469 

Dewey 14,132 

Ellis 15,375 

Garfield 33,050 

Garvin 26,545 

Grady . . 30,309 

Grant 18,760 

Greer 16,449 

Harmon 11,328 

Haskell 18,875 

Hughes 24,040 

Jackson 23,737 

Jefferson 17,430 

Johnston 16,734 

Kay 26,999 

Kingfisher 18,825 

JCiowa .,..,..,..,., 17,478 



Latimer 11,321 

Le Flore 29,127 

Lincoln 34,779 

Logan 31,740 

Love 10,236 

McClain 15,659 

McCurtain 20,681 

Mcintosh 20,961 

Major 15,248 

Marshall 11,619 

Mayes 13,506 

Murray 12,744 

Muskogee 52,743 

Noble 14,945 

Nowata 14,223 

Okfuskee 19,995 

Oklahoma 85,232 

Okmulgee 21,115 

Osage 20,101 

0tt awa 15,713 

Pawnee 17,332 

Payne 23,735 

Pittsburg 47,650 

Pontotoc 24,331 

Pottawatomie 43,595 

Pushmataha 43,595 

Roger Mills 12,861 

Rogers 17,736 

Seminole 19,964 

Sequoyah 25,005 

Stephens 22,252 

Swanson 1 1,682 

Texas 14,249 

Tillman 18,650 

Tulsa 34,995 

Wagoner 22,086 

Washington „ 17,484 

Washita 25,034 

Woods 17,567 

Woodward 16,592 



OREGON 672,76$ 

Baker 18,076 

Benton 10,663 

Clackamas .,,.,,.., 29,931 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Clatsop 16,106 

Columbia 10,580 

Coos 17,959 

Douglas 19,674 

Jackson 25,756 

Lane 33,7^3 

Linn 22,662 

Marion 39,7&> 

Multnomah 226,261 

Polk 13,469 

Umatilla 20,309 

Union 16,191 

Wasco 16,336 

Washington 21,522 

Yamhill 18,285 



PENNSYL- 
VANIA . 



Adams 
Allegheny . , 
Armstrong , 

Beaver 

Bedford .... 

Berks 

Blair ■ 

Bradford . . , 

Bucks 

Butler ^ , 

Cambria 
Carbon 
Center 
Chester 

Clarion 

Clearfield .. 

Clinton _ 

Columbia . , 
Crawford . 
Cumberland 
Dauphin . . . 
Delaware .. 

Elk 

Erie 

Fayette 

Franklin . . . 
Greene 



7,665,111 

34,319 

1,018,463 

67,880 

78,353 

38,879 

183,222 

108,858 

54,526 

76,530 

72,689 

166,131 

52,846 

43,424 

109,213 

36,638 

93,768 

31,545 

48,467 

61,565 

54,479 

. 136,152 

, 117,906 

35,871 

, H5,5i7 

, 167,449 

. 50,775 

, 28,882 



Huntingdon . . . 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Juniata 

Lackawanna 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Lebanon 

Lehigh , 

Luzerne 

Lycoming , 

McKean 

Mercer 

Mifflin 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Montour 

Northampton . . . 
Northumberland 

Perry 

Philadelphia 

Potter 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Somerset 

Sullivan 

Susquehanna 

Tioga 

Union 

Venango 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Westmoreland . . 

Wyoming 

York 



RHODE IS- 
LAND ... 



127 



38,304 
66,210 
63,090 

15,013 
167,029 
167,029 

70,032 

59,565 

118,832 

343,i86 
80,813 
47,868 
77,699 
27,785 
22,941 

169,590 
14,868 

127,667 

111,420 
24,136 

,549,008 
29,729 

207,894 
16,800 
67,717 
n,293 
37,746 
42,829 
16,249 
56,359 
39,573 

143,680 
29,236 

231,304 
15,509 

136,405 



542,610 



Bristol 17,602 

Kent 30,378 

Newport 3 { \335 

Providence 424,353 

Washington 24,042 



128 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



SOUTH CARO- 
LINA 1,515,400 

Abbeville 34,804 

Aiken 41,849 

Anderson 69,568 

Bamberg 18,544 

Barnwell 34,209 

Beaufort 30,335 

Berkeley 23,487 

Calhoun 16,634 

Charleston 88,594 

Cherokee 26,179 

Chester 29,425 

Chesterfield 26,301 

Clarendon 32,188 

Colleton 35,390 

Darlington 36,027 

Dillon 22,615 

Dorchester 17,891 

Edgefield 28,281 

Fairfield 29,442 

Florence 35,671 

Georgetown 22,270 

Greenville 68,377 

Greenwood 34225 

Hampton 25,126 

Horry 26,995 

Kershaw 27,094 

Lancaster 26,650 

Laurens 4 I ,55° 

Lee ., 25,318 

Lexington 32,040 

Marion 20,596 

Marlboro 31,189 

Newberry 34,586 

Oconee 27,337 

Orangeburg 55,893 

Pickens .« 25,422 

Richland 55«i43 

Saluda 20,943 

Spartanburg 83,465 

Sumter 38,472 

Union 29,911 

Williamsburg 37,626 

York 47,7i8 



SOUTH DAKO- 
TA 538,888 

Beadle 15,776 

Bonhomme 11,061 

Brookings 14,178 

Brown 25,867 

Charles Mix 14,899 

Clark 10,901 

Codington 14,092 

Davison 1 1,625 

Day 14,372 

Grant 10,303 

Gregory 13,061 

Hutchinson 12,319 

Kingsbury 12,500 

Lake 10,711 

Lawrence 19,694 

Lincoln 12,712 

Lyman 10,848 

Meade 12,640 

Minnehaha 29,631 

Pennington 12,453 

Perkins n,348 

Roberts 14,897 

Spink 15,981 

Stanley 14,975 

Turner 13,840 

Union 10,676 

Yankton 13,135 



TENNESSEE . . . 2,184,789 

Anderson 17,7*7 

Bedford 22,667 

Benton 12,452 

Blount -.. 20,809 

Bradley 16,336 

Campbell 27,387 

Cannon 10,825 

Carroll 23,971 

Carter 19,838 

Cheatham 10,540 

Claiborne 23,504 

Cocke 19,399 

Coffee 15,625 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



129 



Crockett 16,076 

Davidson 149,478 

Decatur 10,093 

Dekalb 15,434 

Dickson 19,955 

Dyer 27,721 

Fayette 30,257 

Franklin 20,491 

Gibson 41,630 

Giles 32,629 

Grainger 13,888 

Greene 31,083 

Hamblen '. 13,650 

Hamilton 89,267 

Hancock 10,778 

Hardeman 23,01 1 

Hardin 17,521 

Hawkins 23^87 

Haywood 25,910 

Henderson 17,030 

Henry 25,434 

Hickman . 16,527 

Humphreys 13,908 

Jackson 15,036 

Jefferson 17,755 

Johnson 13,191 

Knox 94,187 

Lauderdale 21,105 

Lawrence 17,569 

Lincoln 25,908 

Loudon 13,612 

McMinn 21,046 

McNairy . .. 16,356 

Macon 1.4,559 

Madison 39,357 

Marion 18,820 

Marshall 16,872 

Maury 40,456 

Monroe 20,716 

Montgomery 33,672 

Morgan 11,458 

Obion 29,946 

Overton 15,854 

Polk 14,116 

Putnam 20,023 

Rhea 15.410 

Roane 22,800 



Robertson 25,466 

Rutherford ........ 33,199 

Scott 12,947 

Sevier 22,296 

Shelby I9M39 

Smith 18,548 

Stewart 14,860 

Sullivan 28,120 

Sumner 25,621 

Tipton 29,459 

Union 11,414 

Warren 16,534 

Washington 28,968 

Wayne 12,062 

Weakley 31,929 

White 15,420 

Williamson 24,213 

Wilson 25,394 



TEXAS 3,896,542 



Anderson . 
Angelina . 
Atascosa . 
Austin 
Bastrop ... 

Bee 

Bell 

Bexar 
Bosque . . . 
Bowie 
Brazoria .. 
Brazos . . . 
Brown 
Burleson . 
Burnet . . . 
Caldwell . . 
Callahan .. 
Cameron . 

Cass 

Cherokee . 

Clay 

Coleman .. 

Colin 

Colorado . 
Comanche 



29,650 

17,705 
10,004 

17,699 
25,344 
12,090 
49,186 
119,676 
19,013 
34^27 
13,209 
18,919 
22,935 
18,687 
io,755 
24.237 

12,973 

27,158 

27,587 
29,038 

17.043 
22,618 
49,02] 
18,897 

27.180 



130 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 
CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Cooke 26,603 

Coryell 21,703 

Dallas 135,748 

Delta 14,566 

Denton 31,258 

Eastland 23,421 

El Paso 52,599 

Ellis 53,629 

Erath 32,095 

Falls < 35,649 

Fannin 44,801 

Fayette 29,796 

Fisher 12,596 

Fort Bend 18,168 

Freestone 20,557 

Galveston 44,479 

Gonzales 28,055 

Grayson 65,996 

Gregg 14,140 

Grimes 21,205 

Guadalupe 24,913 

Hamilton 15,315 

Hardeman 11,213 

Hardin 12,947 

Harris 115,693 

Harrison 37, 2 43 

Haskell 16,249 

Hays 15,518 

Henderson 20,131 

Hidalgo 13,728 

Hill 46,760 

Hood 10,008 

Hopkins 31,038 

Houston 29,564 

Hunt 48,116 

Jack 11,817 

Jasper 14,000 

Jefferson 38,182 

Johnson 34,460 

Jones 24,299 

Karnes 14,942 

Kaufman 35,323 

Lamar 46,544 

Lavaca 26,418 

Lee 13,132 

Leon 16,583 

Liberty 10,686 



Limestone 34,621 

McCulloch 13,405 

McLennan 73,250 

Madison 10,318 

Marion 10,472 

'Matagorda 13,594 

Medina 13,415 

Milam 36,780 

Montague 25,123 

Montgomery 15,679 

Morris 10,439 

Nacogdoches 27,406 

Navarro 47,070 

Newton 10,850 

Nolan n,999 

Nueces 21,955 

Palo Pinto 19,506 

Panola 20,424 

Parker 26,331 

Folk 17,459 

Potter 12,424 

Red River 28,504 

Robertson 27,454 

Runnels 20,858 

Rusk 26,946 

San Augustine 11,264 

San Saba 11,245 

Scurry 10,924 

Shelby 26,423 

Smith 41,746 

Starr 13,151 

Tarrant 108,572 

Taylor 26,293 

Titus 16,422 

Tom Green 17,882 

Travis 55,620 

Trinity 12,768 

Tyler 10,250 

Upshur 19,960 

Uvalde 11,233 

Van Zandt 25,651 

Webb 22,503 

Wharton 21,123 

Wichita 16,450 

Wilbarger 12,000 

Williamson 42,228 

Wilson 17,066 



INVENTORS MANUAL 



131 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Wise 26,450 

Wood 23,417 

Young 13,657 



UTAH 373,351 

Boxelder 13,894 

Cache 23,062 

Davis 10,191 

Juab 10,702 

Salt Lake 131,426 

Sanpete 16,704 

Utah 37,942 

Weber 35,179 



VERMONT 355,956 

Addison 20,010 

Bennington 21,378 

Caledonia 26,031 

Chittenden 42,447 

Franklin 29,866 

Lamoille 12,585 

Orange 18,703 

Orleans 23,337 

Rutland 48,139 

Washington 41,702 

Windham 26,932 

Windsor 33,68l 



VIRGINIA 2,061,612 

Accomac 36,650 

Albemarle 29,871 

Alexandria 10,231 

Alleghany 14,173 

Amherst 18,932 

Augusta 32,445 

Bedford 29,549 

Botetourt 17,727 

Brunswick 19,244 

Buchanan 12,334 

Buckingham 15,204 

Campbell 23,043 

Caroline 16,596 



Carroll 

Charlotte 

Chesterfield .... 

Culpeper 

Dinwiddie ..... 
Elizabeth City.. 

Fairfax 

Fauquier 

Floyd ^ 

Franklin , 

Frederick 

Giles , 

Gloucester , 

Grayson , 

Greenesville 

Halifax 

Hanover , 

Henrico 

Henry 

Isle of Wight.., 

Lee 

Loudoun 

Louisa 

Lunenburg 

Madison 

Mecklenburg . . . 
Montgomery 

Nansemond 

Nelson 

Norfolk 

Northampton . . . 
Northumberland 

Nottoway 

Orange 

Page 

Patrick 

Pittsylvania 

Prince Edward. . 
Prince William.. 
Princess Anne. . . 

Pulaski 

Roanoke 

Rockbridge 

Rockingham 

Russell 

Scott 

Shenandoah 

Smyth 



21,116 
15,785 
21,299 
13,472 
15,442 
21,225 
20,536 
22,526 
14,092 
26,480 
12,787 
11,623 
12,477 
19,856 
11,890 
40,044 
17,200 
23A37 
18,459 
14,929 
23,840 
21,167 
16,578 
12,780 
10,055 
28,956 
17,268 
26,886 
16,821 

52,744 
16,672 

io,777 
13,462 
13,486 
14,147 
17.195 
50,709 
14,266 
12,026 
11,526 
17,246 
10,623 
21,171 
34.003 

23,474 
23,814 

20,042 
20.326 



132 INVENTOR'S MANUAL 

CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



Southampton 

Sussex 

Tazewell . . . 
Washington 

Wise 

Wythe 

City of Alexandria 
City of Danville . . 
City of Lynchburg, 
City of Newport 

News 
City of 
City of 



Norfolk 
Petersburg. 

City of Portsmouth 

City of Richmond. 

City of Roanoke.. 

City of Staunton.. 



26,302 
13,664 
24,946 
32,830 
34162 
20,372 

15,329 
19,020 

29,494 

20,205 
67,452 
24,127 
33,190 
127,628 

34,874 
10,604 



WASHINGTON 1,141,990 

Adams 10,920 

Chehalis 35,590 

Chelan 15,104 

Clarke 26,115 

Cowlitz 12,561 

King 284,638 

Kitsap 17,647 

Kittitas 18,561 

Klickitat 10,180 

Lewis 32,127 

Lincoln 17,539 

Okanogan 12,887 

Pacific 12,532 

Pierce 120,812 

Skagit ..... , 29,241 

Snohomish 59,209 

Spokane 139,404 

Stevens 25,297 

Thurston 17,581 

Walla Walla 31,931 

Whatcom 49,5H 

Whitman 33,280 

Yakima 41,709 

WEST VIR- 
GINIA 1,221,119 

Barbour 15,858 

Berkeley 21,999 



Boone 10,331 

Braxton 23,023 

Brooke 1 1,098 

Cabell 46,685 

Calhoun 11,258 

Clay 10,233 

Doddridge 12,672 

Fayette 51,903 

Gilmer ^ n,379 

Greenbrier 24,833 

Hampshire 1 1,694 

Hancock 10,465 

Harrison 48,381 

Jackson 20,956 

Jefferson 15,889 

Kanawha 81,457 

Lewis 18,281 

Lincoln 20,491 

Logan 14,476 

McDowell 47,856 

Marion 42,794 

Marshall 32,388 

Mason 23,019 

Mercer 38,371 

Mineral 16,674 

Mingo 19,431 

Monongalia 24,334 

Monroe 13,055 

Nicholas 17,699 

Ohio 57,572 

Pocahontas 14,740 

Preston 26,341 

Putnam 18,587 

Raleigh 25,633 

Randolph 26,028 

Ritchie 17,875 

Roane 21,543 

Summers 18,420 

Taylor i6,554 

Tucker 18,675 

Tyler 16,211 

Upshur 16,629 

Wayne 24,081 

Wetzel 23,855 

Wood # 38,001 

Wyoming ..,..,.,.. 10,392 



INVENTOR'S MANUAL 



133 



CENSUS BY STATES— Continued 



WISCONSIN ...2,333,860 

Ashland 21,905 

Barron 29,114 

Bayfield 15,987 

Brown 54,098 

Buffalo ^ 16,006 

Calumet 16,701 

Chippewa 32,103 

Clark . 30,074 

Columbia 31,129 

Crawford 16,288 

Dane 77,435 

Dodge 47,436 

Door , . 18,711 

Douglas . . 47,422 

Dunn 25,260 

Eau Claire 32,721 

Fond du Lac 51,610 

Grant 39,007 

Green 21,641 

Green Lake 15,491 

Iowa 22,497 

Jackson 17,075 

Jefferson 34,3o6 

Juneau 19,569 

Kenosha 32,929 

Kewanee 16,784 

La Crosse 43,996 

Lafayette 20,075 

Langlade 17,062 

Lincoln 19,064 

Manitowoc 44,978 

Marathon 55,054 

Marinette 33,8i2 

Marquette 10,741 

Milwaukee 433,187 



Monroe 28,881 

Oconto 25,657 

Oneida # 11,433 

Outgamie 49,102 

Ozaukee 17,123 

Pierce 22,079 

Polk 21,367 

Portage 30,945 

Price 13,795 

Racine 57,424 

Richland 18,809 

Rock 55,538 

Rusk 11,160 

St. Croix 25,910 

Sauk 32,869 

Shawano 31,884 

Sheboygan 54,888 

Taylor 13,641 

Trempealeau 22,928 

Vernon 28,116 

Walworth 29,614 

Washington 23,784 

Waukesha 37, IO ° 

Waupaca 32,782 

Waushara 18,886 

Winnebago 62,1 16 

Wood 30,583 

WYOMING .... 145,965 

Albany 11,574 

Carbon 11,282 

Fremont 11,822 

Laramie 26,127 

Sheridan 16,324 

Sweetwater n.575 

Uinta 16,982 



Examples of Mechanical 

and 

Design Patents 



E. F. BRITTEN, Jr. 
SPRING AND PRESSER BAR FOR FOUNTAIN PENS. 

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1915. 



1,156,748. 



Patented Oct. 12, 1915. 








INVENTOR 

Edwin T. Britten JL 



' /h^yyy^tci<> 



1,223,110. 



H. REIN & J. R. COMBS. 

DOOR LOCK. 

APPLICATION HIED MAY 18, 1916. 



Patented Apr. 17, 1917. 

2 SHEETS-SHEET I. 







C. L. CRAIG. 

FOLDING CHAIR. 

APPLICATION FlltO APR. 13, 1916. 



1,218,611. 



Patented Mar. 6, 1917. 




INVENTOR 



ThpM 






.AZ 



ATTORNEYS 



52,158. 



D ESIG N. 

£, H. DERRY. 

WASTE BASKET. 
APPLICATION FILED JAN. II, 1918. 



Patented July 9, 1918. 




lT|VeTjtor 
S^Z^i^Jrx^ >f, JU^^^y 



D ESIG N. 

A. M. HOLSTEIN. 

PANEL FOR FURNITURE, CASKETS, AND INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR DECORATIONS. 

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, »9lj[ 

52, 1 60. Patented July 9, 1918. 




INVENTOR 



52468. 



D ESIG N. 

F. KAUPMANN. 
spoon', fork, or similar article. 

APPLICATION FILED APR. 21, 1918. 



Fnj l 





Patented July 9, 1918. 



liS- z. 



tf^JAJuk &**&**&*% 



K&ATTORNEY.S 



INDEX 



Accidental inventions, 2 

Applicants, 25 

As to the patent, 14 

Assignment of entire interest 
before issue of patent, 34 
of entire interest in pa- 
tent, 35 
of undivided interest, 36 

Attorneys, 16 

Bessemer steel process, 4 
Broad claims, 19 

Census, 79-133 
Cities, Census of, 105 
Claims, broad, 19 
Contract, form of 32-36 
Coupon Attorneys, 19 

Development of invention, 29 
Design patents, 45 

Engine, steam, example of, 3 
Exhibit of the invention, 42 

Faculty of inventing, 1 

Foreign patents, 61 

Fraud in the sale of patents, 42 

Grants, territorial, 37 

How patents promote trade, 50 

Incompetent attorneys, 18 
Inventing, faculty of, 1 
Invention, the result of in- 
vestigation, 6 

development of, 29 

exhibit of, 42 

as an art, 70 



Inventions, accidental, 2 

of women, 44 

money in, 51 
"Inventions Wanted," 7 
Inventor and invention, 3 

and promoter, 75 

and assignee of undivided 
interest, 35 
Inventors prosecuting own 
applications, 16 

Joint ownership, 60 

License, shop right, 38 

not exclusive, 39 
Limited patent, 18 
Machines, design patents 

on, 47 
Money in inventions, 51 

New departure, 5 
Newspaper notoriety, value 

of, 62 
"No Patents, No Pay," 19 

Occupations, 79-101 

Partly expired patents, 60 
Patents, reversion of, 41 

tricks, old and new, 53 

for designs, 45 

as the basis of business, 47 

value of, 68 

foreign, applications, 61 
Prints and labels, 52 
Profits from invention, 48 
Promoter and patentee, 75 

Record of invention, value of, 
27 



144 



INDEX 



Reversion of a patent, 41 

Small inventions, 4 

Steam engine, example of, 3 

Suggestions, value of, 5 

Tale with a moral, 6s 
Territorial grants, 65 

interest, assignments of, 37 
Trade, how patents promote, 50 



Undivided interest, assign- 
ment of, 36 

Value of newspaper notori- 
ety, 62 
of suggestions^ 
of a patent, 68 

Wealth from inventions, 68* 
Westinghouse air brake, 4 
Women, inventions of, 44 



Courtland C. Clements Guy C. Clements 

(Member Bar U. S. Supreme Court) (Registered Patent Attorney) 



Patents — Patent Causes 
Trademarks— Copyrights 

Twenty Years Active Practice 



Careful advice respecting the 
legal and commercial value 
of your invention or patent. 

Opinions on all questions of 
patent law. 

Associate Service. 

No misleading inducements. 



CLEMENTS & CLEMENTS 

1021 Washington Loan & Trust Building 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 



1918 

CATALOGUE 

of LATEST and BEST 

Practical 
and Mechanical Books 

Including Automobile and Aviation Books 




PRACTICAL BOOKS FOR PRACTICAL MEN 



Any of these books will be sent prepaid 
to any part of the world, on receipt of 
price. Remit by Draft, Postal Order, 
Express Order or Registered Letter. 



INDEX TO SUBJECTS 



Accidents 27 

Air Brake 25, 26 

Arithmetic 15, 29, 33 

Automobiles ....3, 4, 5, 6, 7 

Automobile Charts .... 7 

Aviation 8 

Batteries IS 

Bevel Gears 22 

Brasing and Soldering. 9 

Cams 22 

Charts « 7, S, 9 

Chemistry 21 

Civil Engineering 29 

Coke 10 

Compressed Air 10 

Concrete 10, 11, 12, 13 

Cosmetics 34 

Dictionaries 14 

Dies— Metal Work ..13, 14 
Drawin g — Sketching 

Paper 14, 15 

Electric Bells 16 

Electricity.. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 

Encyclopedia 29 

Factorv Management, 

etc 19 

Ford Automobile 6 

Fuel 20 

Flying Machines 8 

Gas Engines and Gas, 

20, 21, 22 

Gearing and Cams .... 22 

Hydraulics 22 

Ice and Refrigeration.. 22 

Inventions — Patents ... 23 

Knots 23 

Lathe Work 23, 24 

Link Motion 25 

Liquid Air 24 



L::: motive Engineering, 

24, 25, 26, 27 
Machine Shop Practice, 

27, 29, 30, 31 

Manual Training 32 

Marine Engineering ... 32 

Mechanical Magazine .. 28 

Mechanical Movements. 30 

Metal Turning 23 

Metal Work Dies 13, 14 

Mining 33 

Motor Cycles 6, 7 

Patents a:;: Inventions. 23 

Pattern Making 33 

Perfumery 34 

Plumbing 34 

Receipt Book 35, 40 

Refrigeration and Ice.. 22 

Reooiring Automobiles.. 6 

Rubber 36 

Sis 35 

Scre-,v Cuttinz 36 

Sbeet Wfctal Wort ...13, 14 

Smoke Prevention 20 

Soldering 9 

Storting Systems 5 

Steam Engineering- 36, 37, 33 
Steam Heating and Ven- 

tilotim 33 

Steel 35, 39 

Storage Batteries 13 

Switch Boards . < 17, 19 

7ro:t:r = ....=-2, 39 

Turbines 39 

Ventilation 33 

Waterproofing 13 

Welding 5 

Wiring 17, 13 

Wireless Teleohtnes .. 19 



t^Anv of these books will be sent prepaid to any 
part of the world, on receipt of price. 

REMIT by Draft, Postal Money Order. Express Money 
Order, or by Registered Mail. 

2 



GOOD, USEFUL BOOKS 



AUTOMOBILES— MOTORCYCLES 



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2 large folding plates. Price, $1.00 

Motorcycles, Side Cars and Cyclecars, Their 
Construction, Management and Repair. 

By Victor W. Page. Describes fully all leading types of 
machines, their design, construction, maintenance, operation 
and repair. 550 pages. 350 specially made illustrations, 5 
folding plates. New Edition. Price, $1.50 



AUTOMOBILE CHARTS 



Location of Gasoline Engine Troubles Made 
Easy. 

This chart shows clearly all parts of a typical four-cylinder 
gasoline engine of the four-cycle type. It simplifies location 
of all engine troubles. No details omitted. Size 25 x 38 
inches. Securely mailed on receipt of Price, 25 cents 

Location of Carburetion Troubles Made Easy. 

It shows clearly how to find carburetion troubles and names 
all defects liable to exist in the various parts. Instructions 
are given for carburetor adjustment. Size 24 x 38 inches. 

Price, 25 cents 



Location of Ignition System Troubles Made Easy. 

In this chart all parts of a typical double ignition system 
using battery and magneto current are shown, and sugges- 
tions are given for readily finding ignition troubles and 
eliminating them when found. Size 24 x 38 inches. 

Price, 25 cento 

Location of Engine Cooling and Lubricating 
Troubles Made Easy. 

This is a combination chart showing all components of the 
approved form of water cooling group as well as a modern 
engine lubrication system. It shows all points where defects 
exist that may result in engine overheating, both in cooling 
and oiling systems. Size 24 x 38 inches. Price, 25 cents 

Location of Ford Engine Troubles Made Easy. 

Chart showing clear sectional views depicting all portions of 
the Ford power plant and auxiliary groups. It outlines clear- 
ly all parts of the engine, fuel supply system, ignition group 
and cooling system, that are apt to give trouble, detailing all 
derangements that are liable to make an engine lose power, 
start hard, or work irregularly. This chart simplifies loca- 
tion of all engine faults. Size 25 x 38 inches. 25 cents 

Lubrication of the Motor Car. Chassis. 

This chart presents the plan view of a typical six-cylinder 
chassis of standard design and outlines all important bear- 
ing points requiring lubrication, and is a valuable guide to 
the correct lubrication of any modern car. A practical chart 
for all interested in motor car maintenance. Size 24 x 38 
inches. Price, 25 cents 

Location of Motorcycle Troubles Made Easy. 

This chart simplifies location* of all power plant troubles and 
will prove of value to all who have to do with the operation, 
repair or sale of motorcycles. No details omitted. Size 
30x20 inches, Price, 25 cent* 



AVIATION 



Aviation Engines— Design; Construction; Repair. 

By Lieut. Victor W. Page, Aviation Section, S.C.U.S.R. 
The rapidly increasing interest inthe study of aviation, and 
especially of the highly developed internal combustion engines 
that make mechanical flight possible, has created a demand 
for a text-book suitable for schools and home study that will 
clearly and concisely explain the workings of the various 
aircraft engines of foreign and domestic manufacture. 

This treatise, written by a recognized authority on all of 
the practical aspects of internal combustion engine construc- 
tion, maintenance and repair, fills the need as no other book 
does. The matter is logically arranged; all descriptive mat- 
ter is simply expressed and copiously illustrated, so that any- 
one can understand airplane engine operation and repair even 
if without previous mechanical training. This work is in- 
valuable for anyone desiring to become an aviator or aviation 
mechanician. 

The latest rotary types, such as the Gnome Monosoupape, 
and LeRhone, are fully explained, as well as the recently 
developed Vee and radial types. The subjects of carburetion, 
ignition, cooling and lubrication also are covered in a thorough 
manner. The chapters on repair and maintenance are dis» 
tinctive and found in no other book on this subject. 

Invaluable to the student, mechanic and soldier wishing to 
enter the aviation service. 

Not a technical book, but a practical, easily understood 
work of reference for all interested in aeronautical science. 
576 pages, 253 illustrations. Price, Net, #3.00 



Glossary of Aviation Terms — English-French; 
French-English. 

A complete glossary of practically all terms used in aviation, 
having lists in both French and English with equivalents in 
cither language. A very valuable book for all who are about 
to leave for duty overseas, compiled by Lieuts. Victor W. 
Page, A.S., S.C.U.S.R., and Paul Montariol, of the French 
Flying Corps on duty on Signal Corps Aviation School, 
Mineola, L. I. Includes all words in common use. A com- 
plete, well illustrated volume intended to facilitate conversa- 
tion between English speaking and French aviators. The lists 
are confined to essentials, and special folding plates are in- 
cluded to show all important airplane parts. The lists are 
divided in four sections: 1 — Flying Field Terms. 2 — The 
Airplane. 3 — The Engine. 4 — Tools and Shop Terms. Should 
be in every aviator's and mechanic's kit. Price, Net, $1.00 



Aviation Chart — Location of Airplane Power 
Plant Troubles Made Easy. 

By Lieut. Victor W. Page, A.S., S.C.U.S.R. A large chart 
outlining all parts of a typical airplane power plant, showing 
the points where trouble is apt to occur and suggesting 
remedies for the common defects. Intended especially for 
aviators and aviation mechanics on school and field duty. 
Cloth, Price, 50 cents 

a 



BRAZING AND SOLDERING 



Brazing and Soldering. 

By James F. Hobart. The only book that shows you just 
how to handle any job of brazing or soldering that comes 
along; it tells }'ou what mixture to use, how to make a 
furnace if you need one. # Full of valuable kinks. The fifth 
edition of this book has just been published, and to it much 
new matter and a large number of tested formulas for all 
kinds of solders and fluxes have been added. Price, 25c. 



CHARTS 



Aviation Chart — Location of Airplane Power 
Plant Troubles Made Easy. 

By Lieut. Victor W. Pag£, A.S., S.C.U.S.R. A large chart 
outlining all parts of a typical airplane power plant, showing 
the points where trouble is apt to occur and suggesting 
remedies for the common defects. Intended especially for 
aviators and aviation mechanics on school and field duty. 

Price, 50 cents 

Modern Submarine Chart— With 200 Parts Num- 
bered and Named. 

A cross-section view, showing clearly and distinctly all the 
interior of a submarine of the latest type. No details omitted — 
everything is accurate and to scale. This chart is really an 
encyclopedia of a submarine. Price, 25 cents 

Box Car Chart. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a box car, having every part 
of the car numbered and its proper name given in a reference 
list. Price, 25 cents 

Gondola Car Chart. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a gondola car, having every 
part of the car numbered and its proper reference name given 
in a reference list. Price, 25 cents 

Passenger Car Chart. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a passenger car, having 
every part of the car numbered and its proper name given 
in a reference list. Price, 25 cents 

Steel Hopper Bottom Coal Car. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a steel hopper bottom coal 
car, having every part of the car numbered and its proper 
name given in a reference list. Price, 25 cents 

Tractive Power Chart. 

A chart whereby you can find the tractive power or drawbar 
pull of any locomotive without making a figure. Shows what 
cylinders are equal, how' driving wheels and steam pressure 
affect the power. What sized engine you need to exert a 
given drawbar pull or anything you desire in this line. 

Price, 50 cents 
9 



Horse-power Chart. 

Shows the horse-power of any stationary engine without 
calculation. No matter what the cylinder diameter of stroke, 
the steam pressure or cut-off, the revolutions, or whether 
condensing or non-condensing, it's all there. Easy to use, 
accurate and saves time and calculations. Especially useful 
to engineers and designers. Price, 50 cental 

Boiler Room Chart. 

By George L. Fowler. A chart — size 14 x 28 inches — showing 
in isometric perspective the mechanisms belonging in a modern 
boiler room. This chart is really a dictionary of the boiler 
room — the names of more than 200 partt, being given. 

Price, 25 cent* 

COKE 



Coke — Modern Coking Practice, Including An- 
alysis of Materials and Products. 

By J. E. Christopher and T. H. Byrom. This, the standard 
work on the subject, has just been revised and is now 
issued in two volumes. It is a practical work for those en- 

faged in Coke manufacture and the recovery of By-products, 
ully illustrated with folding plates. It has been the aim 
of the authors, in preparing this book, to produce one which 
shall be of use and benefit to those who are associated with, 
or interested in, the modern developments of the industry. 
Among the chapters contained in Volume I are: Introduc- 
tion; Classification of Fuels; Impurities of Coals; Coal 
Washing; Sampling and Valuation of Coals, etc.; Chlorific 
Power of Fuels; History of Coke Manufacture; Develop- 
ments in Coke Oven Design; Recent Types of Coke Ovens; 
Mechanical Appliances at Coke Ovens; Chemical and Physi- 
cal Examination of Coke. Volume II covers By-products. 
Each volume is fully illustrated, with folding plates. 

Price, $3.00 per volume 

COMPRESSED AIR 



Compressed Air in all Its Applications. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. This is the most complete book on 
the subject of air that has ever been issued, and its thirty -five 
chapters include about every phase of the subject one can 
think of. It may be called an encyclopedia of compressed 
air. It is written by an expert, who, in its 665 pages, has 
dealt with the subject in a comprehensive manner, no phase 
of it being omitted. Over 500 illustrations. Fifth Edition, 
revised and enlarged. Cloth bound, $5.00. Half Morocco, 

Price, $6.50 

CONCRETE 

Concrete Wall Forms. 

By A. A. Houghton. A new automatic wall clamp, is illus- 
trated with working drawings. Other types of wall forms, 
clamps, separators, etc., are also illustrated and explained. 

Price, 50 cents 
10 



Concrete Floors and Sidewalks. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molds for molding squares, hex- 
agonal and many other styles of mosaic floor and sidewalk 
blocks are fully illustrated and explained. Price, 50 cent* 

Practical Concrete Silo Construction. 

By A. A. Houghton. 'Complete working drawings and speci- 
fications are given for several styles of concrete silos, with 
illustrations of molds for monolithic and block silos. The 
tables, data, and information presented in this book are 
of the utmost value in planning and constructing all forms 
of concrete silos. Price, 50 cent* 

Molding Concrete Bath Tubs, Aquariums and 
Natatoriums. 

By A. A. Houghton. Simple molds and instruction are given 
for molding different styles of concrete bath tubs, swimming 
pools, etc. Price, 50 cent* 

Molding Concrete Chimneys, Slate and Roof Tiles. 

By A. A. Houghton. The manufacture of all types of con- 
crete slate and roof tile is fully treated. Valuable data on 
all forms of reinforced concrete roofs are contained within 
its pages. The construction of concrete chimneys by block 
and monolithic systems is fully illustrated and described. 
A number of ornamental designs of chimney construction with 
molds are shown in this valuable treatise. 50 cents 

Molding and Curing Ornamental Concrete. 

By A. A. Houghton. The proper proportions of cement 
and aggregates for various finishes, also the methods of thor- 
oughly mixing and placing in the molds, are fully treated. 
An exhaustive treatise on this subject that every concrete 
worker will find of daily use and value. Price, 50 centa 

Concrete Monuments, Mausoleums and Burial 
Vaults. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molding of concrete monuments 
to imitate the most expensive cut stone is explained in this 
treatise, with working drawings of easily built molds. Cutting 
inscriptions and designs is also fully treated. 50 centa 

Concrete Bridges, Culverts and Sewers. 

By A. A. Houghton. A number of ornamental concrete 
bridges with illustrations of molds are given. A collapsible 
center of core for bridges, culverts and sewers is fully illus- 
trated with detailed instructions for building. 50 centa 

Constructing Concrete Porches. 

By A. A. Houghton. A number of designs with working 
drawings of molds are fully explained so any one can easily 
construct different styles of ornamental concrete porches 
without the purchase of expensive molds. Price, 50 centa 

n 



Molding Concrete Flower Pots, Boxes, Jardi- 
nieres, Etc. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molds for producing many original 
designs of flower pots, urns, flower boxes, jardinieres, etc., 
are fully illustrated and explained, so the worker can easily 
construct and operate same. Price, 50 cents 

Molding Concrete Fountains and Lawn Orna- 
ments. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molding of a number of designs 
of lawn seats, curbing, hitching posts, pergolas, sun dials and 
other forms of ornamental concrete, for the ornamentation 
of lawns and gardens, is fully illustrated and described. 50c. 

Concrete on the Farm and in the Shop. 

By H. Colvin Campbell. This is a new book from cover 
to cover, illustrating and describing in plain, simple language 
many of the numerous appliances of concrete within the 
range of the home worker. Among the subjects treated are: 
Principles of reinforcing; methods of protecting concrete so 
as to insure proper hardening; home-made mixers; mixing 
by hand and machine; form construction, described and 
illustrated by drawings and photographs; construction of 
concrete walls and fences; concrete fence posts; concrete 
gate posts; corner posts; clothes line posts; grape arbor 
posts; tanks; troughs; cisterns: hog wallows; feeding floors 
and barnyard pavements; foundations; well curbs and plat- 
forms; indoor floors; sidewalks; steps; concrete hotbeds and 
cold frames; concrete slab roofs; walls for buildings; repairing 
leaks in tanks and cisterns; and all topics associated with 
these subjects as bearing upon securing the best results from 
concrete are dwelt upon at sufficient length in plain every-day 
English so that the inexperienced person desiring to under- 
take a piece of concrete construction can, by following the 
directions set forth in this book, secure 100 per cent success 
every time.^ A number of convenient and practical tables 
for estimating quantities, and some practical examples, are 
also given. 150 pages, 51 illustrations. Price, 75 cents* 

Concrete From Sand Molds. 

By A. A. Houghton. A practical work treating on a process 
which has heretofore been held as a trade secret by the 
few who possessed it, and which will successfully mold every 
and any class of ornamental concrete work. The process 
of molding concrete with sand molds is of the utmost practical 
value, possessing the manifold advantages of a low cost of 
molds, the ease and rapidity of operation, perfect details 
to all ornamental designs, density and increased strength 
of the concrete, perfect curing of the work without attention 
and the easy removal of the molds regardless of any under- 
cutting the design may have. 192 pages. Fully illustrated. 
Cloth. Price, $2.00 

Ornamental Concrete Without Molds. 

By A. A. Houghton. The process for making ornamental 
concrete without molds has long been held as a secret, and 
now, for the first time, this process is given to the public. 
The book reveals the secret and is the only book published 



which explains a simple, practical method whereby the con* 
crete worker is enabled, by employing wood and metal tem- 
plates of different designs, to mold or model in concrete 
any cornice, archivolt, column, pedestal, base cap, urn or 
pier in a monolithic form — right upon the job. These may 
be molded in units or blocks, and then built up to suit the 
specifications demanded. This work is fully illustrated, with 
detailed engravings. Cloth. Price, $2.00 

Popular Handbook for Cement and Concrete 
Users. 

By Myron H. Lewis. Everything of value to the concrete 
user is contained, including kinds of cement employed in 
construction, concrete architecture, inspection and testing, 
waterproofing, coloring and painting, rules tables, working 
and cost data. The book comprises thirty-three chapters. A 
valuable addition to the library of every cement and concrete 
user. Cloth, 430 pages, 126 illustrations. Price, $2.50 

Waterproofing Concrete. 

By Myron H. Lewis. Modern methods of waterproofing 
concrete and other structures. A condensed statement of the 
principles, rules and precautions to be observed in water- 
proofing and damp-proofing structures and structural materials. 
Paper binding. Illustrated. Second Edition. 50 cents 

DIES— METAL WORK 



Dies; Their Construction and Use for the Modern 
Working of Sheet Metals. 

By J. V. Woodworth. A new book by a practical man, for 
those who wish to know the latest practice in the working 
of sheet metals. It shows how dies are designed, made and 
used, and those who are engaged in this line of work can 
secure many valuable suggestions. Sixth revised edition. 525 
illustrations, 394 pages. Cloth. Price, $3.00 

Punches, Dies and Tools for Manufacturing in 
Presses. 

By J. V. Woodworth. An encyclopedia of die-making, 
punch-making, die-sinking, sheet-metal working, and making 
of special tools, subpresses, devices and mechanical combina- 
tions for punching, cutting, bending, forming, piercing, draw- 
ing, compressing, and assembling sheet-metal parts and also 
articles of other materials in machine tools. This is a dis- 
tinct work from the author's book entitled "Dies; Their 
Construction and Use." 500 pages, 700 engravings. Second 
edition. Cloth. Price, $4.00 

Drop Forging, Die-Sinking and Machine-Form- 
ing of Steel. 

By J. V. Woodworth. The processes of die-sinking and 
force-making, which are thoroughly described and illustrated 
in this admirable work, are rarely to be found explained in 
such a clear and concise manner as is here set forth. The 
process of die-sinking xelates to the engraving or sinking 

13 



of the female or lower dies, such as are used for drop 
forgings, hot and cold machine forging, swedging and the 
press working of metals. > The process of force-making relates 
to the engraving or raising of the male or upper dies used 
in producing the lower dies for the press-forming and 
machine-forging of duplicate parts of metal. The book con- 
tains eleven chapters, and the information contained in these 
chapters is just what will prove most valuable to the forged- 
metal worker. All operations described in the work are 
thoroughly illustrated by means of perspective half-tones and 
outline sketches of the machinery employed. 300 detailed 
illustrations. 339 pages, cloth. Price, $2.50 



DICTIONARIES 



Aviation Terms — English-French; French-Eng- 
lish. 

A complete glossary of practically all terms used in aviation, 
having lists in both French and English with equivalents in 
either language. A very valuable book for all who are about 
to leave for dutv overseas, compiled bv Lieuts. Victor W. 
Page, A.S., S.C.U.S.R., and Paul Montariol of the French 
Flying Corps on duty on Signal Corps Aviation School, Mine- 
ola, L. L 3 include all words in common use. A complete, 
well illustrated volume intended to facilitate conversation 
between English-speaking and French aviators. The lists 
are confined to essentials, and special folding plates are 
included ^to show all important airplane_ parts. The lists are 
divided in four sections — 1 — Flying Field Terms. 2 — The 
Airplane. 3 — The Engine. A — Tools_ and Shop Terms. 
Should be in every aviator's and mechanic's kit. Price, $1.00 

Standard Electrical Dictionary. 

By T. O'Coxor Sloane. A practical handbook of reference 

containing definitions of about 5,000 distinct^ words, > terms 
and phrases. The definitions are terse and concise and include 
every term used in electrical science. Recently issued. 
Twelfth Edition. 6S2 pages, 393 illustrations. $3.00 



DRAWING— SKETCHING PAPER 



Linear Perspective Self-Taught. 

By Herman T. C. Kraus. # This work gives the theory and 
practice of linear perspective^ as used in architectural, engi- 
neering and mechanical drawings. The arrangement of the 
book is good; the plate is on the left-hand, while the descrip- 
tive text follows on the opposite page, so as to be readily 
referred to. The drawings are on sufficiently large scale to 
show the work clearly and are plainly figured. _ The whole 
work makes a very complete course on perspective drawing. 
A self-explanatory linear perspective chart is included in 
the second revised edition. Cloth. Price, §2.50 

14 



Self-Taught Mechanical Drawing and Elementary 
Machine Design. 

By F. L. Sylvester^ M.E., Draftsman, with additions by Erik 
Oberg, associate editor of "Machinery." A practical ele- 
mentary treatise on Mechanical Drawing and Machine De- 
sign, comprising the first principles of geometric and mechan- 
ical drawing, workshop mathematics, mechanics, strength of 
materials and the calculation and design of machine details, 
compiled for the use of practical mechanics and young drafts- 
men. 330 pages, 215 engravings, cloth. Price, $2.00 

A New Sketching Paper. 

A new specially ruled paper to enable you to make sketches 
or drawings in isometric perspective without any figuring or 
fussing. It is being used for shop details as well as for 
assembly drawings, as it makes one sketch do the work of 
three, and no workman can help seeing just what is wanted. 
Pads of 40 sheets, 6x9 inches, Price, 25c; 9x12 inches, 
Price, 50c; 12 x 18 inches, Price, $1.00. 



Practical Perspective. 

By Richards and Colvin. Shows just how to make all kinds 
of mechanical drawings in the only practical perspective 
isometric. Makes everything plain so that any mechanic can 
understand a sketch or drawing in this way. Saves time in 
the drawing room and mistakes in the shops. Contains prac- 
tical examples of various classes of work. Third edition. 
Limp cloth. Price, 50 cent* 

ELECTRICITY 



Arithmetic of Electricity. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. A practical treatise on elec- 
trical calculations of all kinds reduced to a series of rules, 
all of the simplest forms, and involving only ordinary arith- 
metic; each rule illustrated by one or more practical problems 
with detailed solution of each one. This book is classed 
among the most useful works published on the science of 
electricity, covering as it does the mathematics of electricity 
in a manner that will attract the attention of those who are 
not familiar with algebraical formulas. 160 pages. Twenty- 
first edition. Cloth. Price, $1.00 

Dynamo Building for Amateurs, or How to Con- 
struct a Fifty Watt Dynamo. 

By Arthur J. Weed. A practical treatise showing in detail 
the construction of a small dynamo or motor, the entire 
machine work of which can be done on a small foot lathe. 
Dimensioned working drawings are given for each piece of 
machine work, and each operation is clearly described. This 
machine, when used as a dynamo, has an output of fifty 
watts; when used as a motor it will drive a small drill press 
or lathe. It can be used to drive a sewing machine on any 
and all ordinary work. The book is illustrated with more 
than sixty original engraving showing the actual construction 
of the different parts. Paper bindiiig, 50c; Cloth, $1.00 

15 



Electric Bells. 

By M. B. Sleeper. A complete treatise for the practical 
worker in installing, operating and testing bell circuits, 
burglar alarms, thermostats and other apparatus used with 
electric bells. Both the electrician and the experimenter will 
find in this book new material which is essential in their 
work. Tools, bells, batteries, unusual circuits, burglar alarms, 
annunciators, systems, thermostats, circuit breakers, time 
alarms, and other apparatus used in bell circuits are de- 
scribed from the standpoints of their application, construc- 
tion, and repair. The detailed instructions for building the 
apparatus will appeal to the experimenter particularly. The 
practical worker will find the chapters on Wiring Calculation 
of Wire Sizes and Magnet Windings, Upkeep of Systems 
and the Location of Faults of the greatest value in their 
work. 124 pages. Fully illustrated Price, 50 cents 

Commutator Construction. 

By Wm. Baxter, Jr. The business end of dynamo or motor 
of the direct current type is the commutator. This book goes 
into the designing, building and maintenance of commutators, 
shows how to locate troubles and how to remedy them; 
everyone who fusses with dynamos needs this. Fourth edi- 
tion. Price, 25 cents 

Electric Furnaces and Their Industrial Applica- 
tions, 

By J. "Wright. This is a book which will prove of interest 
to many classes of people; the manufacturer who desires to 
know what product can be manufactured successfully in the 
electric furnace, the chemist who wishes to post himself on 
the electro-chemistry, and the student of science who merely 
looks into the subject from curiosity. New revised and 
enlarged edition. 320 pages. Fully illustrated, cloth. $3.00 

Construction of a Transatlantic Wireless Receiv- 
ing Set. 

By L. G. Pacent and T. S. Curtis. A work for the Radio 
student who desires to construct and operate apparatus that 
will permit of the reception of messages from the large 
stations in Europe with an aerial of amateur proportions. 36 
pages. 23 illustrations, cloth. 25 cents 

Electric Toy Making, Dynamo Building and 
Electric Motor Construction. 

This work treats of the making at home of electrical toys, 
electrical apparatus, motors, dynamos and instruments in 
general and is designed to bring within the reach of young 
and old the manufacture of genuine and useful electrical 
appliances. 210 pages cloth. Fully illustrated. Twentieth 
edition, enlarged. Price, $1.00 

Experimental High Frequency Apparatus, How 

to Make and Use It. 
By Thomas Stanley Curtis. 69 pages, illustrated. 

Price, 50 cents 

16 



Practical Electricity. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. This work of 768 pages was 
previously known as Sloane's Electricians' Hand Book, and 
is intended for the practical electrician who has to make 
things go. The entire field of electricity is covered within 
its pages. It contains no useless theory; everything is to the 
point,. It teaches you just what you should know about 
electricity. It is the standard work published on the subject. 
Forty-one chapters, 610 engravings, 761 pages, handsomely 
bound in cloth. Third edition. Price, $2.50 

Electricity Simplified. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. # The object of "Electricity 
Simplified" is to make the subject as plain as possible and 
to show what the modern # conception of electricity # is; to 
show how two plates of different metals immersed in acid 
can send a message around the globe; to explain how a 
bundle of copper wire rotated by a steam engine can be the 
agent in lighting our streets, to tell^what the volt, ohm and 
ampere are, and what high and low tension mean; and to 
answer the questions that perpetually arise in the mind in 
this age of electricity. 172 pages. Illustrated. Thirteenth 
edition. Cloth. Price, $1.00 



Electric Wiring, Diagrams and Switchboards. 

By Newton Harrison, with additions by Thomas Poppe. 
This is the only complete work issued showing and_ telling you 
what you should know about direct and alternating current 
wiring. It is a ready reference. The work is free from 
advanced technicalities and mathematics, arithmetic being used 
throughout. It is in every respect a handy, well-written, 
instructive, comprehensive volume on wiring for the wire- 
man, foreman, contractor or electrician. Second revised 
edition. 303 pages, 130 illustrations. Cloth. Price, $1.50 

House Wiring. 

By Thomas W. Poppe. Describing and illustrating up-to-date 
methods of installing electric light wiring. Intended for the 
electrician, helper and apprentice. Contains just the informa- 
tion needed for successful wiring of a building. Fully 
illustrated with diagrams and plans. It solves all wiring 
problems and contains nothing that conflicts with the rulings 
of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. It gives just 
the information essential to the successful wiring of a build- 
ing. Third edition revised and enlarged. 125 pages, fully 
illustrated, flexible cloth. Price, 50 cents 



High Frequency Apparatus, Its Construction and 
Practical Application. 

By Thomas Stanley Curtis. The most comprehensive and 
thorough work on this interesting ^ subject ever produced. 
The book is essentially practical in its treatment and it con- 
stitutes an accurate record of the researches of its author 
over a period of several years, during which time dozens of 
coils were built and experimented with. 248 pages. Fully 
illustrated. Price, $2.00 

V 



How to Become a Successful Electrician. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. An interesting book from 
cover to cover. Telling in simplest language the surest and 
easiest way. to become a successful electrician. The studies 
to be followed, methods of work, field of operation and the 
requirements of the successful electrician are pointed out and 
fully explained. 202 pages. Illustrated. Eighteenth revised 
edition. Cloth. Price, $1.00 



Standard Electrical Dictionary, 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. A practical handbook of 
reference containing definitions of about 5,000 distinct words, 
terms and phrases. The definitions are terse and concise and 
include every term used in electrical science. Twelfth edi- 
tion. 682 pages, 393 illustrations. Price, $3.00 



Storage Batteries Simplified. 

By Victor W. Pag&, M.S.A.E. A complete treatise on stor- 
age battery operating principles, repairs and applications. 
The greatly increasing application of storage batteries in 
modern engineering and mechanical work has created a 
demand for a book that will consider this subject completely 
and exclusively. This is the most thorough and authoritative 
treatise ever published on this subject. It is written in easily 
understandable, non-technical language so that any one may 
grasp the basic principles of storage battery action as well as 
their practical industrial applications. All electric and gasoline 
automobiles use storage batteries. Every automobile repairman, 
dealer or salesman should have a good knowledge of mainte- 
nance and repair of these important elements of the motor 
car mechanism. This book not only tells how to charge, 
care for and rebuild storage batteries but also outlines all 
the industrial uses. Learn how they run street cars, loco* 
motives and factory trucks. Get an understanding of the 
important functions they perform in submarine boats, isolated 
lighting plants, railway switch and signal systems, marine 
applications, etc. This book tells how they are used in 
central station standby service, for starting automobile motors 
and in ignition systems. Every practical use of the modern 
storage battery is outlined in this treatise. 

Chapters contained are: Chapter 1 — Storage Battery Devel- 
opment. — Types of Storage Batteries. — Lead Plate Types.—- 
The Edison Cell. Chapter 2 — Storage Battery Construction. — 
Plates and Grids. — Plante Plates. — Faure Plates. — Non-Lead 
Plates. — Commercial Battery Designs. Chapter 3 — Charging 
Methods. — Rectifiers. — Converters. — Rheostats. — Rules for 
Charging. Chapter # 4 — Battery Repairs and Maintenance. 
Chapter 5 — Industrial Application of Storage Batteries. — 
Glossary of Storage Battery Terms, 320 pages, fully illus- 
trated. Price, $1.50 



Wiring a House. 

By Herbert Pratt. Shows a house already built; tells just 
how to start about wiring it; where to begin; what wire to 
use; how to run it according to insurance rules; in fact, just 
the information you need. Directions apply equally to a 
fhop. Fourth edition. Price* £3 cents 

ii 



Switchboards. 

By William Baxter, Jr. This book appeals to every engi- 
neer and electrician Who wants to know the practical side 
of things. All sorts and conditions of dynamos, connections 
and circuits are shown by diagram and illustrate just how 
the switchboard should be connected. Includes direct and 
alternating current boards, also those for arc lighting, incan- 
descent and power circuits. Special treatment on high voltage 
boards for power transmission. Second edition. 190 pages. 
Illustrated. Price, $1.50 

Telephone Construction, Installation, Wiring, 
Operation and Maintenance. 

By W. H. Radcliffe and H. C. Cushing. This book gives 
the principles of construction and operation of both the 
Bell and Independent instruments; approved methods of 
installing and wiring them; the means of protecting them 
from lighting and abnormal currents ; their connection to- 
gether for operation as series or bridging stations; and rules 
for their inspection and maintenance. Line wiring and the 
wiring and operation of special telephone systems are also 
treated. 224 pages, 132 illustrations. Second revised edition. 

Price, $1.00 

Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Simply Ex- 
plained. 

By Alfred P. Morgan. This is undoubtedly one of the 
most complete and comprehensible treatises on the subject 
ever published, and a close study of its pagesi will enable 
one to master all the details of the wireless transmission of 
messages. The author has filled a long-felt want and has 
succeeded in furnishing a lucid, comprehensible explanation 
in simple language of the theory and practise of wireless 
telegraphy and telephony. Third edition. 154 pages, 156 
engravings. Price, $1.00 

Radio Time Signal Receiver. 

By Austin C. Lescarboura. This new book, "A Radio Time 
Signal Receiver," tells you how to build a simple outfit de- 
signed expressly for the beginner. You can build the out- 
fits in your own workshop and install them for jewelers 
either on a one-payment or a rental basis. The apparatus 
is of such simple design that it may be made by the average 
amateur mechanic possessing a few ordinary tools. 42 pages. 
Paper. Price, 25 cental 

FACTORY MANAGEMENT, ETC. 

Modern Machine Shop Construction, Equipment 
and Management. 

By O. E. Perrigo, M. E. A comprehensive and practical 
treatise on the economical building, the efficient equipment 
and successful management of the modern machine shop 
and manufacturing establishment. A work for the architect, 
engineer, manufacturer, director, officer, accountant, super- 
intendent and foreman. Second edition, revised and en- 
larged. 384 pages, 219 illustrations. Trice, #5.00 

19 



PVEL 



feSSWaS! SS l^t gotten of Smoke. 

particularly with the coSdHn,? United States, and deals 

3 «ib^sK&=^ t ass 

which are appended Lccur^f'tL * P ractica l questions, 8 to 
language, free from teehSlties Tiff', Wh ' C , h describe in 
volved in the furnace comb^H™ f 4 VeraI - P rocess «s in- 
clearly states the essential fennlS?« ? Am $ ncan fuels; it 
and points out the best method £ eS / or perfect combustion, 
Obtaining the vZtea^&^FjV^,'*™^*™ $" 
of coal. Nearly 350 l^^fuJtrZt 7 ^^^^. 

Smoke Prevention and Fuel Economy™**' $1 '°° 

of^^Vs n ld ? ?S H iflIstration? e deS ,e *&"&+ tWs "ook 
complete combustion, whlc ^ ?reats frnm t ^ th \ Pr °- ble , m of 
mechanical .standpoints, besides pointing ™utth C P ^ 1Cal ? nd i 
and humanitarian aspects of the question ^^.5© 

GAS ENGINES AND GAS 
Gas, Gasoline and Oil Engines. 

&£?%££&!& ena^iSn CT ° R E W - *^ ^ 

gas engine needs this T book Simtt Z« Ev .? ry use / of a 

ru ttt e .„ll he co mb y u£%|SS S®1 ^1 

and management of ill wJf ° n ' , C ? nsid ers the theory 

& a ?^ 

pages and fob eng^gs?" Pr ° P ° rtl ° n - £§£ ^S 

Gasoline Engines: Their.Operation, Use and Care. 

t&l • ^ofkl^eaSg of L gasoliner r?henS i Ve ' s!m P ,e and P™* 
or vehicle' usertMirco ? nstru C tinn 8;1 H e c S - for stati °nary, marine 
operation, repair installation ^n't {S n> mana gement, care, 

Price, $1.50 

20 



Gas Engine Construction. 

Or How to Build a Half-Horse-power Gas Engine. By 
Parsell and Weed. A practical treatise describing the theory 
and principles of the action of gas engines of various types, 
and the design and construction of a half-horse-power gas 
engine, with illustrations of the work in actual progress, 
together with dimensioned working drawings giving clearly 
the sizes of the various details. 300 pages. Third edition. 
Cloth. Price, $2.50 

Chemistry of Gas Manufacture. 

By H. M. Royles. This book covers points likely to arise in 
the ordinary course of the duties of the engineer or manager 
of a gas works not large enough to necessitate the employment 
of a separate chemical staff. It treats of the testing of the 
raw materials employed in the manufacture of illuminating 
coal gas and of the gas produced. The preparation 'of 
standard solutions is given as well as the chemical and physi- 
cal examination of gas coal. 524x8^4. Cloth, 328 pages, 
82 illustrations, 1 colored plate. Price, $4.50 

Modern Gas Engines and Producer Gas Plants. 

By R. E. Mathot, ]VT?E. A practical treatise of 320 pages, 
fully illustrated by 175 detailed illustrations, setting forth 
the principles of gas engines and producer design, the selec- 
tion and installation of an engine, conditions of perfect 
operation, producer-gas engines and their possibilities, the 
care of gas engines and producer-gas plants, with a chapter 
on volatile hydrocarbon and oil engines. This book has been 
endorsed by Dugal Clerk as a most useful work for all inter- 
ested in gas engine installation and producer gas. $2.50 

The Gasoline Engine on the Farm: Its Operation, 
Repair and Uses. 

By Xeno W. Putnam. A useful and practical treatise on 
the modern gasoline and kerosene engine, its construction, 
management, repair and the many uses, to which it can be 
applied in present-day farm life. It considers all the various 
household, shop and field uses of this up-to-date motor and 
includes chapters on engine installation, power transmission 
and the best arrangement of the power plant in reference 
to the work. 5 J Ax7 l / 2 . Cloth. 527 pages, 179 illustra- 
tions. Price, 2.00 

How to Run and Install Two- and Four-Cycle 
Marine, Gasoline Engines. 

By C. Von Culin. New revised and enlarged edition Just 
issued. The object of this little book is to furnish a pocket 
instructor for the beginner, the busy man who uses an engine 
for pleasure or profit, but who does not have the time or 
inclination for a technical book, but simply to thoroughly 
understand how to properly operate, install and care for his 
own engine. The index refers to each trouble, remedy and 
subject alphabetically. Being a quick reference to find the 
cause, remedy and prevention for troubles, and to become 
an expert with his own engine. Pocket size. Paper biuding. 

Price, 25 cent! 

21 



Modern Gas Tractor, Its Construction, Utility, 
Operation and Repair. 

By Victor W. Page. Treats exhaustively on the design and 
construction of farm tractors and tractor power-plants, and 
gives complete instructions on their care, operation and re- 
pair. All types and sizes of gasoline, kerosene and oil 
tractory are described, and every phase of traction engineer- 
ing practice fully covered. Invaluable to all desiring re- 
liable information on gas motor propelled traction engines 
and their use. Second edition revised by much additional 
matter. 5^x7^. Cloth, 504 pages, 228 illustrations, 3 
folding plates. Price, $2.00 

GEARING AND CAMS 
Bevel Gear Tables. 

By D. Ac Engstrom. No one who has to do with bevel 
gears in any way should be without this book. The designer 
and draftsman will find it a great convenience, while to 
the machinist who turns up the blanks or cuts the teeth it 
is invaluable, as all needed dimensions are given and no 
fancy figuring need be done. Third edition. Cloth. $1.00 

Change Gear Devices. 

By Oscar E. Perrigo. # A book for every designer, draftsman 
and mechanic who is interested in feed changes for any kind 
of machines. This shows _ what has been done and how. 
Gives plans, patents and all information that you need. Saves 
hunting through patent records and reinventing old ideas. 
A standard work of reference. Third edition. $1.00 

Drafting of Cams. 

By Louis Rouillion. The laying out of cams is a serious 
problem unless you know how to go at it right. This puts 
you on the right road for practically any kind of cam you 
are likely to run up against. Third edition. 25 cent* 

HYDRAULICS 



Hydraulic Engineering. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. A treatise on the properties, power, 
and resources of water for all purposes. Including the meas- 
urements of streams; the flow of water in pipes or conduits; 
the horse-power of falling water; turbine and impact water- 
wheels; wave-motors, centrifugal, reciprocating and air-lift 
pumps. With 300 figures and diagrams and 36 practical 
tables. 320 pages. Price, $4.00 

ICE AND REFRIGERATION 

Pocketbook of Refrigeration and Ice Making. 

By A. J. Wallis-Taylor. This is one of the latest and 
most comprehensive reference books published on the subject 
of refrigeration and cold storage. It explains the properties 

22 



and refrigerating effect of the different fluids in use, the 
management of refrigerating machinery and the construction 
and insulation of cold rooms with their required pipe surface 
for different degrees of cold; freezing mixtures and non- 
freezing brines, temperatures of cold rooms for all kinds of 
provisions, cold storage^ charges for all classes of goods, ice 
making and storage of ice, data and memoranda for constant 
reference by refrigerating engineers, with nearly one hundred 
tables containing valuable references* to every fact and con- 
dition required in the installment and operation of a refriger- 
ating plant. New edition just published. Price, $1.50 

INVENTIONS— PATENTS 



Inventor's Manual, How to Make a Patent Pay. 

This is a book designed as a guide to inventors in perfecting 
their inventions, taking out their patents, and disposing of 
them. It is not in any sense a Patent Solicitor's circular nor 
a Patent Broker's advertisement. Ko advertisements of any 
description appear in the work. It is a book containing a 
quarter of # a century's experience of a successful inventor, 
together with notes based upon the experience of many other 
inventors. Revised edition. 120 pages. Price, $1.00 

KNOTS 



Knots, Splices and Rope Work. 

By A. Hyatt Verrill. This is a practical book giving conv 
plete and simple directions for making all the most useful and 
ornamental knots in common use, with chapters on Splicing. 
Pointing, Seizing, Serving, etc. This book is fully illustrated 
with 154 original engravings, which show how each knot, 
tie or splice is formed, and its appearance when finished. 
The book will be found of the greatest value to campers, 
yachtsmen, travelers or Boy Scouts, in fact, to anyone having 
occasion to use or handle rope or knots for any purpose. 
The book is thoroughly reliable and practical, and is not 
only a guide but a teacher. It is the standard work on the 
subject. Second edition revised. 118 pages, 150 original 
engravings. Price, 75 cent* 

LATHE WORK 



Practical Metal Turning, 

By Joseph G. Horner. A work of 404 pages, fully illus- 
trated, covering in a comprehensive manner the modern 
practice of machining metal parts in the lathe, including the 
regular engine lathe, its essential design, its uses, its tools, 
its attachments, and the manneij of holding the work and 
performing the operations. The modernized engine lathe, 
its methods, tools and great range of accurate work. The 
turret lathe, its tools, accessories and methods of performing 
its functions. Chapters on special work, grinding, tool 
holders, speeds, feeds, modern tool steels, etc., etc. Second 
edition. Price, $3.50 



The Lathe — Its Design, Construction and Opera- 
tion, With Practical Examples of Lathe Work. 

By Oscar E. Perrigo. A new revised edition, and the only 
complete American work on the subject, written by a man 
who knows not only how work ought to be done, but who 
also knows how^ to do it, and how to_ convey this knowledge 
to others. It is strictly up-to-date in its descriptions and 
illustrations. Lathe history and the relations of the lathe 
to manufacturing are given; also a description of the various 
devices for feeds and thread cutting mechanisms from early 
efforts in this direction to the present time. Lathe design is 
thoroughly discussed, including back gearing, driving cone9, 
thread-cutting gears, and all the essential element of the 
modern lathe. _ The classification of lathes is taken up, giving 
the essential differences of the several types of lathes includ- 
ing, as is usually understood, engine lathes, bench lathes, 
speed lathes, forge lathes, gap lathes, pulley lathes, forming 
lathes, multiple-spindle lathes, rapid-reduction lathes, precision 
lathes, turret lathes, special lathes, electrically-driven lathes, 
etc. In addition to the complete exposition on construction 
and design, much practical matter on lathe installation, care 
and operation has been incorporated in the enlarged new edi- 
tion. All kinds of lathe attachments for drilling, milling, 
etc., are described and complete instructions are given to 
enable the novice machinist to grasp the art of lathe oper- 
ation as well as the principles involved in design. A number 
of difficult machining operations are described at length and 
illustrated. The new edition has nearly 500 pages and 350 
illustrations. Price, $2.50 

Turning and Boring Tapers. 

By Fred H. Colvin. There are two ways to turn tapers; 
the right way and one other. This treatise has to do with 
the right way; it tells you how to start the work properly, 
how to set the lathe, what tools to use and how to use them, 
and forty' and one other little things that you should follow. 
Fourth edition. Price, 25 cent* 



LIQUID AIR 

Liquid Air and the Liquefaction of Gases. 

By T. O'Conor Sloane. Theory, history, biography, practical 
applications, manufacture. Second edition. 365 pages. Illus- 
trated. Price, $2.00 



LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING 
American Compound Locomotives. 

By Fred H. Colvin. The most complete book on compounds 
published. Shows all types, including the balanced compound. 
Makes everything clear by many illustrations, and show9 
valve setting, breakdowns and repairs. 142 pages. $1.00 

24 



Air-Brake Catechism. 

By Robert H. Blackall. This book is a standard text book. 
It is the only practical and complete work published. Treats 
on the equipment manufactured by the Westinghouse Air 
Brake Company, including the E-T Locomotive Brake Equip- 
ment, the K (Quick-Service) Triple Valve for freight ser- 
vice; the L High Speed Triple Valve; the P-C Passenger 
Brake Equipment, and the Cross Compound Pump. The 
operation of all parts of the apparatus is explained in detail 
and a practical way of locating their peculiarities and rem- 
edying their defects is given. Endorsed and used by air- 
brake instructors and examiners on nearly every railroad 
in the United States. Twenty-sixth edition. 411 pages, fully 
illustrated with folding] plates and diagrams. New edition. 

Price, $2.00 

Application of Highly Superheated Steam to 
Locomotives. 

By Robert Garbe. A practical book which cannot be recom- 
mended too highly to those motive-power men who are 
anxious to maintain the highest efficiency in their locomo- 
tives. Contains special chapters on Generation of Highly 
Superheated Steam; Superheated Steam and the Two-Cylinder 
Simple Engine; Compounding and Superheating; Designs of 
Locomotive Superheaters; Constructive Details of Locomo- 
tives Using Highly Superheated Steam. Experimental and 
Working Results. Illustrated with folding plates and tables. 
Cloth. Price, $2.50 



Combustion of Coal and the Prevention of Smoke. 

By Wm. M. Barr. To be a success a fireman must be "Light 
on Coal." He must keep his fire in good condition, and 
prevent, as far as possible, the smoke nuisance. To do this, 
he should know how coal burns, how smoke is formed and 
the proper burning of fuel to obtain the best results. He 
can learn this, and more too, from Barr's "Combustion of 
Coal." It is an absolute authority on all questions relating 
to the firing of a locomotive. Fifth edition. Nearly 350 
pages, fully illustrated. Price, $1.00 

Diary of a Round-House Foreman, 

By T. S. Reilly. This is the greatest book of railroad experi- 
ences ever published. Containing a fund of information and 
suggestions along the line of handling men, organizing, etc., 
that one cannot afford to miss. 176 pages. Price, $1.00 

Link Motions, Valves and Valve Setting. 

Bv Fred H. Colvin, Associate Editor of "American Machin- 
ist." A handy book that clears up the mysteries of valve 
setting. Shows the different valve gears in use, how they 
work, and why. Piston and slide valves of different types 
are illustrated and explained. A book that every railroad 
man in the motive-power department ought to have. Fully 
illustrated. New revised and enlarged edition just published. 

Price, 50 cent* 

25 



Train Rule Examinations Made Easy. 

By G. E. Collingwood. This is the only practical work on 
train rules in print. Every detail is covered, and puzzling 
points are explained in simple, comprehensive language, mak- 
ing it a practical treatise for the train dispatcher, engine- 
man, trainman and all others who have to do with the move- 
ments of trains. Contains complete and reliable information 
of the Standard Code of Train Rules for single track. Shows 
signals in colors, as used on the different roads. Explains 
fully the practical application of train orders, giving a clear 
and definite understanding of all orders which may be used. 
Second edition revised. 256 pages. Fully illustrated with 
train signals in colors. Price, $1.25 

Locomotive Boiler Construction. 

By Frank A. Klein hans. The only book showing how loco- 
motive boilers are built in modern shops. Shows all types of 
boilers used; gives details of construction; practical facts, 
such as life of riveting punches and dies, work done per 
day, allowance for bending and # flanging sheets and other 
data that means dollars to any railroad man. Second edition. 
451 pages, 334 illustrations. Six folding plates. Cloth. 

Price, $3.00 

Locomotive Breakdowns and Their Remedies. 

By Geo. L. Fowler. Revised by Wm. W. Wood, Air-Brake 
Instructor. Pocket edition. It is out of the question to try 
and tell you about every subject that is covered in this 
pocket edition of Locomotive Breakdowns. Just imagine 
all the common troubles that an engineer may expect to 
happen some time, and then add all of the unexpected ones, 
troubles that could occur, but that you had never thought 
about, and you will find that they are all treated with the 
very best methods of repair. Walschaert Locomotive Valve 
Gear Troubles, Electric Headlight Troubles, as well as Ques- 
tions and Answers on the Air Brake, are all included. Eighth 
edition. 294 pages. Fully illustrated. Price, $1.00 

Locomotive Catechism. 

By Robert Grimshaw. Twenty-eighth revised and enlarged 
edition. m This may well be called an encyclopedia of the 
locomotive. Contains over 4,000 examination questions with 
their answers, including among them those asked at the first, 
second and tnird years' examinations. 825 pages, 437 illus- 
trations and 3 folding plates. Price, $2.50 

Westinghouse E. T. Air-Brake Instruction Pocket- 
book Catechism. 

By Wm. W. Wood, Air-Brake Instructor. A practical work 
containing examination questions and answers on the E. T. 
Equipment. Covering what the E. T. Brake is. How it 
should be operated. What to do when defective. Not a 
question can be asked of the engineman up for promotion 
on cither the No. 5 or the No. 6 E. T. equipment that is not 
asked and answered in the book. If you want to thoroughly 
understand the E. T. equipment get a copy of this book. m It 
covers every detail. Makes air-brake troubles and examina- 
tions eas>. Fully illustrated with colored plates, showing 
various pressures. Cloth. Price, $1.50 

26 



Practical Instructor and Reference Book for 
Locomotive Firemen and Engineers. 

By Chas. F. Lockhart. An entirely new book on the loco- 
motive. It appeals to every railroad man, as it tells him how 
things are done and the right way to do them; Written by 
a man who has had years of practical experience in locomotive 
shops and on the road firing and running. The information 
given in this book cannot be found in any other similar 
treatise. Eight hundred and fifty-one questions with their 
answers are included, which will prove specialty helpful to 
those preparing for examination. 368 pages, 88 illustrations. 
Cloth. Price, $1.50 

Prevention of Railroad Accidents, or Safety in 
Railroading. 

By George Bradshaw. This book is a heart-to-heart talk 
with railroad employees, dealing with facts, not theories, and 
showing the men in the ranks, from every-day experience, 
how accidents occur and how they may be avoided. The 
book # is illustrated with seventy original photographs and 
drawings showing the safe and unsafe methods of work. No 
visionary schemes, no ideal pictures. Just plain facts and 
practical suggestions are given. Every railroad employee 
who reads the book is a better and safer t man to have in 
railroad service. It gives just the information which will be 
the means of preventing many injuries and deaths. All 
railroad employees should procure a copy; read it, and do 
their part in preventing accidents. 169 pages. Pocket size. 
Fully illustrated. Price, 50 cents 

Walschaert Locomotive Valve Gear. 

By Wm. W. Wood. If you would thoroughly understand 
the Walschaert Valve Gear, you should possess a copy of 
this book. The author divides the subject into four divisions, 
as follows: I. Analysis of the gear. II. Designing and 
erection of the gear. III. Advantages of the gear. IV. Ques- 
tions and answers relating to the Walschaert Valve Gear. 
This book is specially valuable to those preparing for pro- 
motion. Third edition. 245 pages. Fully illustrated. Cloth. 

Price, $1.50 

MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE 

r 9 . ... ■ . . « 

Modern Machine Shop Construction, Equipment 
and Management. 

By Oscar E. Perrigo. The only work published that describes 
the Modern Machine Shop or Manufacturing Plant from the 
time the grass is growing on the site intended for it until the 
finished product is shipped. Just the book needed by those 
contemplating the erection of modern shop buildings, the 
rebuilding and reorganization of old ones or the introduction 
of Modern Shop Methods, Time and Cost Systems. It is a 
book ^ written and illustrated by a practical shop man for 
practical shop men who are too busy to read theories and 
want facts. It is the most complete all-around book of its 
kind ever published. Second edition. 384 pages, 219 original 
and specially-made illustrations. Price, $5.00 

27 



EVERY PRACTICAL MAN NEEDS 

A MAGAZINE WHICH WILL TELL HIM 
HOW TO MAKE AND DO THINGS 



HAVE US ENTER YOUR SUBSCRIPTION 

to the best mechanical magazine on the market. 
Only One Dollar a year for twelve numbers. 
Subscribe to-day to 

EVERYDAY ENGINEERING 



A monthly magazine devoted to practical mechanics for 
everyday men. Its aim is to popularize engineering as a 
science, teaching the elements of applied mechanics and 
electricity in a straightforward and understandable manner. 
The magazine maintains its own experimental laboratory, 
where the devices described in articles submitted to the 
Editor are first tried out and tested before they are pub- 
lished. This important innovation places the standard of 
the published material very high, and it insures accuracy 
and dependability. i 
_ The magazine_ is the only one in this country that spe~ 
cializes in practical model building. Articles in past issues 
have given comprehensive designs for many model boats, 
including submarines and chasers, model steam and gasoline 
engines^ electric motors and " generators, etc., etc. This 
feature is a permanent one .in the magazine. 

Another popular department is that devoted to automobiles 
and airplanes. Care, maintenance, and operation receive 
full and authoritative treatment. Every article is written 
from the practical, everyday 1 man standpoint, rather than 
from that of the professional. 

The magazine entertains while it instructs. _ It is a journal 
of practical, dependable _ information, given in a style that 
it may be readily _ assimilated and applied by the man with 
little or no technical training. The aim is to place before 
the man who leans toward practical mechanics a series of 
concise, crisp, readable talks on what is going on and how 
it is done. These articles are profusely illustrated with 
clear, snappy photographs, specially posed to illustrate the 
subject in the magazine's own studio by its own staff of 
technically-trained illustrators and editors. 

The subscription price of the magazine Is one 
dollar per year of twelve numbers. Sample copy 
sent on receipt of ten cents. 

Enter your subscription to this practical magazine with 
your bookseller. 

28 



Machine Shop Arithmetic. 

By Colvin-Cheney. Most popular book for shop men. 
Shows how all shop problems are worked out and "why." 
Includes change gears for cutting any threads; drills, taps, 
shink and force fits; metric system of measurements and 
threads. Used by all classes of mechanics and for instruction 
in Y. M. C. A. and other schools. Seventh edition. 131 
pages. Price, 50 cents 

Tools for Machinists and Woodworkers, Includ- 
ing Instruments of Measurement. 

By Joseph G. Horner. The principles upon which cutting 
tools for wood, metal, and other substances are made are 
identical, whether used by the machinist, the carpenter, or 
by any other skilled mechanic in their daily work, and the 
object of this book is to give a correct and practical descrip- 
tion of these tools as they are commonly designed, con- 
structed, and used. 340 pages. Price, $3.50 

American Tool Making and Interchangeable 
Manufacturing. 

By J. V. Woodworth. In its 500-odd pages the one subject 
only, Tool Making, and whatever relates thereto, is dealt with. 
The work stands without a rival. It is a complete practical 
treatise on the art of American Tool Making and system of 
interchangeable manufacturing as carried on to-day in the 
United States. In it are described and illustrated all of the 
different types and classes of small tools, fixtures, devices 
and special appliances which are in general use in all ma- 
chine-manufacturing and # metal-working establishments where 
economy, capacity and interchangeability in the production 
of machined metal parts are imperative. The science of jig 
making is exhaustively discussed, and particular attention 
is paid to drill jigs, boring, profiling and milling fixtures 
and other devices in which the parts to be machined are 
located and fastened within the contrivances. All of the 
tools, fixtures and devices illustrated and described have 
been or are used for the actual production of work, such 
as parts of drill presses, lathes, patented machinery, type- 
writers, electrical apparatus, mechanical appliances, brass 
goods, composition parts, mould products, sheet metal arti- 
cles, drop forgings, jewelry watches, medals, coins, etc. 
Second edition. 531 pages. Price, $4.00 

Henley's Encyclopedia of Practical Engineering 
and Allied Trades. 

Edited by Joseph G. Horner, A.M. I.Mech.E. This book 
covers the entire practice of Civil and Mechanical Engineer- 
ing. The best known experts in all branches of engineering 
have contributed to these volumes. The Cyclopedia is admir- 
ably well adapted to the needs of the beginner and the self- 
taught practical man, as well as the mechanical engineer, 
designer, draftsman, shop superintendent, foreman and 
machinist. 

It is a modern treatise in five volumes. Handsomely bound 
in half morocco, each volume containing nearly 500 pages, 
with thousands of illustrations, including diagrammatic ana 
sectional drawings with full explanatory details. 
Price, $25.00* For the complete set of five volume*, 

29 



THE WHOLE FIELD OF MECHANICAL 

MOVEMENTS COVERED BY MR. 

HISCOX'S TWO BOOKS 



We publish two books by Gardner D. Hiscox that will 
keep you from "inventing" things that have been done be- 
fore, and suggest ways of doing things that you have not 
thought of before. Many a man spends time and money, 
pondering over some mechanical problem, only to learn, after 
he has solved the problem, that the same thing has been 
accomplished and put in practice by others long before. Time 
and money spent in an effort to accomplish what has al- 
ready been accomplished are time and money lost. The 
whole field of mechanics, every known mechanical movement, 
and practically every device is covered by these two books. 
If the thing you want has been invented, it is illustrated in 
them. If it hasn't been invented, then you'll find in them 
the i nearest things to what you want, some movement or 
device that will apply in your case, perhaps; or which will 
give you a key from which to work. No book or set of 
books ever published is of more real .value to the inventor, 
draftsman or practical mechanic than the two volumes de- 
scribed below. 

Mechanical Movements, Powers and Devices. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. This is a collection of 1,890 
engravings of different # mechanical motions and appliances, 
accompanied by appropriate text, making it a book of great 
value to the inventor, the draftsman, and to all readers 
with mechanical tastes. The book is _ divided into eighteen 
sections or chapters, in which the subject-matter is classified 
under the following heads: Mechanical Powers; Transmis- 
sion of Power; Measurement of Power; Steam Power; Air 
Power Appliances; Electric Power and Construction; Navi- 
gation and Roads; Gearing; Motion and Devices; Control- 
ling Motion; Horological; Mining; Mill and Factory Appli- 
ances; Construction and Devices; Drafting Devices; Miscel- 
laneous Devices, etc. Fifteenth edition. 400 octavo pages. 

Price, $3.00 

Mechanical Appliances, Mechanical Movements 
and Novelties of Construction. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. < This is a supplementary volume 
to the one upon mechanical movements. Unlike the first 
volume, which is more elementary in character, this volume 
contains illustrations and descriptions of many combina- 
tions of motiens and of mechanical devices and appliances 
found in different lines of machinery, each device being 
shown by a line drawing with a description showing it9 
working parts and the method of operation. From the 
multitude of devices described and illustrated might be men- 
tioned, in passing, such items as conveyors and elevators, 
Prony brakes, thermometers, various types of boilers, solar 
engines, oil-fuel burners, condensers, evaporators, Corliss 
and other valve gears, governors, gas engines, water motors 
of various descriptions, air ships, _ motors and^ dynamos, 
automobiles and motor bicycles, railway lock signals, car 
couplers, link and gear motions, ball bearings, breech block 
mechanism for heaw guns, and a large accumulation of 
others of equal importance. 1,000 specially made engravings. 
396 octavo pages, Fourth revised edition. Price, $3.00 
30 



"Shop Kinks/* 

By Robert Grimshaw. This shows special methods of doing 
work of various kinds, and releasing cost of production. Has 
hints and kinks from some of the largest shops in this 
country and Europe. You are almost sure to find some that 
apply to your work, and in such a way as to save time and 
trouble. 400 pages. Fifth edition. Cloth. Price, $2.50 

Machine Shop Tools and Shop Practice. 

By W. H. Vandervoort. A work of 555 pages and 673 illus- 
trations, describing in every detail the construction, opera- 
tion, and manipulation of both hand and machine tools. 
Includes chapters on filing, fitting, and scraping surfaces; 
on drills, reamers, taps, and dies; the lathe and its tools; 
planers, shapers, and their tools; milling machines and cut- 
ters; gear cutters and gear cutting; drilling machines and 
drill work; grinding machines and their work; hardening and 
tempering; gearing, belting, and transmission machinery; 
useful data and tables. Sixth edition. Cloth. Price, $4.00 

Modern Milling Machines: Their Design, Con- 
struction and Operation. 

By Joseph G. Horner. This book describes and illustrates 
the Milling Machine and its work in such a plain, clear, 
and forceful manner, and illustrates 1 the subject so clearly 
and completely, that the up-to-date machinist, student, or 
mechanical engineer cannot afford to do without the valuable 
information which it contains. It describes not only the 
early machines of this class, but notes their gradual develop- 
ment into the splendid machines of the present day, giving 
the design and construction of the various types, forms, and 
special features produced by prominent manufacturers, Ameri- 
can and foreign. 304 pages, 300 illustrations. Price, $4.00 

The Modern Machinist. 

By John T. Usher. This book might be called a compen- 
dium of shop methods, showing a variety of special tools and 
appliances which will give new ideas to many machanics from 
the superintendent down to the man at the bench. It will 
be found a valuable addition to any machinist's library and 
should be consulted whenever a, new or difficult job is to 
be done, whether it is boring, milling, turning, or planing, 
as they are all treated in a practical manner. Fifth edition. 
320 pages, 250 illustrations. Cloth. Price, $2.50 



Threads and Thread Cutting. 

By Colvin and Stabel. This clears up many of the mysteries 
of thread cutting, such as double and triple threads, internal 
threads, catching threads, use of hobs, etc. Contains a lot 
of useful hints and several tables. Third edition. 25 cents 

31 



MARINE ENGINEERING 

The Naval Architect's and Shipbuilder's Pocket- 
book 

of Formulae, Rules, and Tables and Marine Engineer's and 
Surveyor's Handy Book of Reference. By Clement Mack- 
row and Lloyd Woollard. The eleventh revised and en- 
larged edition of this most comprehensive work has just been 
issued. ^ It is absolutely indispensable to all engaged in the 
Shipbuilding Industry, as it condenses into a compact form 
all data and formulae that are ordinarily required. The book 
is completely up to date, including among other subjects a 
section on Aeronautics. 750 pages, limp leather binding. 

Price, $5.00 net 

Marine Engines and Boilers, Their Design and 

Construction. The Standard Book. 
By Dr. G. Bauer, Leslie S. Robertson and S. Bryan Don- 
kin ; In the words of Dr. Bauer, the present work owes its 
origin to an oft felt want of a condensed treatise embodying 
the theoretical and practical rules used in designing marine 
engines and boilers. The need of such a work has been 
felt by most engineers engaged in the construction and work- 
ing of marine engines, not only by the younger men, but also 
by those of greater experience. The fact that the original 
German work was written by the chief engineer of the 
famous Vulcan Works, Stettin, is in itself a guarantee that 
this book is in all respects thoroughly up-to-date, and that 
it embodies all the information which is necessary for the 
design and construction of the highest types of marine en- 
gines and boilers. It may be said that the motive power 
which Dr. Bauer has placed in the fast German liners that 
have been turned out of late years from the Stettin Works 
represent the very best practice in marine engineering of 
the present day. The work is clearly written, thoroughly 
systematic, theoretically sound; while the character of the 
plans, drawings, tables, and statistics is without reproach. 
The illustrations are careful reproductions from actual work- 
ing drawings, with some well-executed photographic views of 
completed engines and boilers. 744 pages, 550 illustrations, 
and numerous tables. Cloth. Price, $9.00 net 

MANUAL TRAINING 



Economics of Manual Training. 

By Louis Rouillion. The only book that gives just the in- 
formation needed by all interested in manual training, re- 
garding buildings, equipment and supplies. Shows exactly 
what is needed for all grades of the work from the Kinder- 
garten to the High and Normal School. Gives itemized lists 
of everything needed and tells Just what it ought to cost. 
Also shows where to buy supplies. Illustrated. Second 
edition. Cloth. Price, $1.50 

32 



MINING 



Ore Deposits, With a Chapter on Hints to Pros- 
pectors. 

By J. P. Johnson. This book gives a condensed account of 
the ore deposits at present known in South Africa. It is 
also intended as a guide to the prospector. Only an ele- 
mentary knowledge of geology and some mining experience 
are necessary in order to understand this work._ With these 
qualifications, it will materially assist one in his search for 
metalliferous mineral occurrences and, so far as simple ores 
are concerned, should enable one to form some idea of the 
possibilities of any they may find. Illustrated. Cloth. $2.00 

Practical Coal Mining. 

By T. H. Cockin. An important work, containing 428 pages 
and 213 illustrations, complete with practical details, which 
will intuitively impart to the reader not only a general 
knowledge of the principles of coal mining, but also con- 
siderable insight into allied # subjects. The treatise is posi- 
tively up-to-date in every instance, and .should be in the 
hands of every, colliery engineer, geologist, mine operator, 
superintendent, foreman, and all others who are interested 
in* or connected with the industry. Third edition. $2.50 

Physics and Chemistry of Mining. 

By T. H. Byrom. A practical work for the use of all pre- 
paring for examinations in mining or qualifying for colliery 
managers' certificates. The aim of the author in this excel- 
lent book is to place clearly before the reader useful and 
authoritative data which will render him valuable assistance 
in his studies. The only work of its kind published.. The 
information incorporated in it will prove of the greatest 
practical utility to students, mining engineers, colliery man- 
agers, and all others who are specially interested in the 
present-day treatment of mining problems. Second edition, 
revised. 188 pages, illustrated. Price, $2.00 

PATTERN MAKING 



Practical Pattern Making. 

By F. W. Barrows. This book, now in its second edition, 
is a comprehensive and entirely practical treatise on the 
subject of pattern making, illustrating pattern work in both 
wood and metal, and with definite instructions on the use 
of plaster of pans in the trade. It gives specific and detailed 
descriptions of the materials used by pattern makers and 
describes the tools; both those # for the bench and the more 
interesting machine tools; having complete chapters on the 
lathe, the circular saw and the band saw. It gives many 
examples of pattern work, each one fully illustrated and 
explained with much detail. These examples, in their great 
variety, offer much that will be found of interest to all 
pattern makers, and especially to the younger ones, who are 
seeking information on the more advanced branches of their 
trade. Containing nearly 350 pages and 170 illustrations. 
Second edition, revised and enlarged. Price, $2.00 

33 



PERFUMERY 



Henley's Twentieth Century Book of Receipts, 
Formulas and Processes. 

Edited by G. D. Hiscox. The most valuable techno-chemical 
receipt book published. Contains over 10,000 practical re- 
ceipts, many of which will prove of special value to the 
perfumer. Price, $3.00 

Perfumes and Cosmetics, Their Preparation and 
Manufacture. 

By G. W. Askinson. Perfumer. A comprehensive treatise, 
in which there has been nothing omitted that could be of 
value to the perfumer or manufacturer of toilet preparations. 
Complete directions for making handkerchief perfumes, 
smelling-salts, sachets, fumigating pastiles; preparations for 
the care of the skin, the mouth, the hair, cosmetics, hair 
dyes and other toilet articles are given, also a detailed 
description of aromatic substances; their nature, tests of 
purity, _ and wholesale manufacture, including a chapter on 
synthetic products, with formulas for their use. A book of 
general, as well as professional interest, meeting the wants 
not only of the druggist and perfume manufacturer, but also 
of the general public. Fourth edition much enlarged and 
brought up-to-date. Nearly 400 pages, illustrated. $5.00 



PLUMBING 



Standard Practical Plumbing. 

By R. M. Starbuck. This is a complete treatise and covers 
the subject of modern plumbing in all its branches. It 
treats exhaustively on the skilled work of the plumber and 
the theory underlying plumbing devices and operations, and 
commends itself at once to anyone working in any branch 
of the plumbing trade. A large amount of space is devoted 
to a very complete and practical treatment of the subjects of 
hot water supply, circulation and range boiler work. Another 
valuable feature is the special chapter on drawing for 
plumbers. The illustrations, of which there are three hun* 
dred and forty-seven, one hundred being full-page plates, 
were drawn expressly for this book and show the most 
modern and best American practice in plumbing construction. 
6 l /i x9 l A. Cloth, 406 pages, 347 illustrations. Price, $3.00 

Mechanical Drawing for Plumbers. 

By R. M. Starbuck. A concise, comprehensive and practical 
treatise on the subject of mechanical drawing in its various 
modern applications to the work of all who are in any way 
connected with the plumbing trade. Nothing will so help 
the plumber in estimating and in explaining work to cus- 
tomers and workmen as a knowledge of drawing, and to the 
workman it is of inestimable value if he is to rise above his 
position to positions of greater responsibility. 150 illus- 
trations. Price, $1.50 

34 



Modern Plumbing Illustrated. 

By R. M. Starbuck. The author of this book, Mr. R. M. 
Starbuck, is one of the leading authorities on plumbing in 
the United States. The book represents the highest standard 
of plumbing work. A very comprehensive work, illustrating 
and describing the drainage and ventilation of dwellings, 
apartments and public buildings. The very latest and most 
approved methods in all branches of sanitary installation are 
given. The standard book for master plumbers, architects, 
builders, plumbing inspectors, boards of health, boards of 
plumbing examiners and for the property owner, as well 
as the workman and apprentice. It contains fifty-seven en- 
tirely new and large full pages of illustrations with descrip- 
tive text, all of which have been made specially for this 
work. These plates show all kinds of modern plumbing work. 
Each plate is accompanied by several pages of text, giving 
notes and practical suggestions, sizes of pipe, proper measure- 
ments for setting up work, etc. Suggestions on estimating 
plumbing construction are also included. 407 octavo pages, 
fully illustrated by 57 full-page engravings. Price, $4.00 



RECIPE BOOK 



Henley's Twentieth Century Book of Recipes, 
Formulas and Processes. 

Edited by Gardner D. Hiscox. The most valuable techno- 
chemical formulae book published, including over 10,000 se- 
lected scientific, chemical, technological and practical recipes 
and processes. This book of 800 pages is the most complete 
book of recipes ever published, 'giving thousands of recipes 
for the manufacture of valuable articles for everyday use. 
Hints, helps, practical ideas and secret processes are revealed 
within its pages. It covers every branch of the useful arts 
and tells thousands of ways of making money and is just the 
book everyone should have at his command. The pages are 
filled with matters of intense interest and immeasurable prac- 
tical value to the photographer, the perfumer, the painter, 
the manufacturer of glues, pastes, cements and mucilages, 
the physician, the druggist, the electrician, the brewer, the 
engineer, the foundryman, the machinist, the potter, the 
tanner, the confectioner, the chiropodist, the manufacturer 
of chemical novelties and toilet preparations, the dyer, the 
electroplater, the enameler, the engraver, the provisioner, the 
glass worker, the goldbeater, the watchmaker and jeweler, 
the ink manufacturer, the optician, the farmer, the dairyman, 
the paper maker, the metal worker, the soap maker, the 
veterinary surgeon, and the technologist in general. A book 
to which you may turn with confidence that you will find 
what you are looking for. A mine of information up-to-date 
in every respect. Contains an immense number of formulas 
that every one ought to have that are not found in any other 
work. New edition. Cloth binding, $3.00. Half Morocco 
binding, Price, $4.00 

35 



The Most Valuable Techno-Chemical Recipe 
Book Ever Offered to the Public! 

Henley's Twentieth Century Book of 

RECIPES, FORMULAS 
AND PROCESSES 

Price $3.00 

This book of 800 pages is the most complete Book of Recipes 
ever published, giving thousands of recipes for the manu- 
facture of valuable articles for every-day use. Hints, Helps, 
Practical Ideas and Secret 
Processes are revealed within 
its pages. It covers every 
branch of the useful arts and 
tells thousands of ways of mak- 
ing money and is just the book 
have 




should 



at his 



everyone 
command. 

The pages are _ filled with 
matters of intense interest and 
immeasurable practical value to 
the Photographer, the Perfumer, 
the Painter, the Manufacturer 
of Glues, Pastes, Cements and 
Mucilages, the Physician, the 
Druggist, the Electrician, the 
Brewer, the Engineer, the 
Foundryman, the Machinist, the 
Potter, the Tanner, the Con- 
fectioner, the Chiropodist, the 
Manufacturer of Chemical Nov* 
elties and Toilet Preparations, 
the Dyer, the Electroplater, the 
Enameler, the Engraver, the Provisioner, the Glass Worker, 
the Goldbeater, the Watchmaker and Jeweler, the Ink Manu- 
facturer, the Optician, the Farmer, the Dairyman, the Paper 
Maker, the Metal Worker, the Soap Maker, the Veterinary 
Surgeon and the Technologist -in general. 

A book to which you may turn with confidence that you 
will find what you are looking for. m A mine of information, 
up-to-date in every respect. Contains an immense number 
of formulas that every one ought to have that are not found 
in any other work. 

| A AAA Practical Formulas and Processes 

1 VjllUU The Best Way to Make Everything 

ONE USEFUL RECIPE WILL BE WORTH MORE 
THAN TEN TIMES THE PRICE OF THE BOOK 

(See page 35 for further description of the book,) 



